中高齡就業人員工作動機之研究

Research on the Working Motivation of Aged Employee

黃治綜(Chih-Chung Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡明智

義守大學/管理學院/管理碩博士班/碩士(2019年)

摘要

目前世界各國皆面臨人口高齡化的問題，我國已於2018年3月正式進入高齡社會，預估將於 2026 年邁入超高齡社會。為因應我國人口快速老化，所造成的勞動力短缺問 題，如何讓中高齡勞工的人力再投入職場運用，已成為政府當前刻不容緩的議題。本論 文使用衛福部「2017 年老人狀況調查」，除探討中高齡人口之勞動參與狀況外，並分析 不同地區、年齡、性別與教育程度之就業人員，其工作動機有何種差異性。並依埃爾德弗(Clayton Alderfer)的 ERG 理論，將工作動機分類為生存需求、關係需求與成長需求， 深入探討中高齡工作動機之需求分類為何，研究結果顯示：
1、中高齡男性就業人員，其工作動機著重在生存需求與成長需求;中高齡女性就業人員， 其工作動機著重在關係需求。
2、教育程度愈高者，關係需求與成長需求之工作動機愈強，生存需求之工作動機愈弱。
3、55~59 歲、64~69 歲之就業人員，其工作動機著重在生存需求；60~64 歲之就業人員， 其工作動機著重在關係與成長需求；75 歲以上之就業人員，其工作動機著重在關係需求。
本研究並依研究結果提出相關建議，提供後續研究者、企業與政府相關單位參考。

關鍵字

中高齡 ； ERG理論 ； 工作動機

並列摘要

At present, all countries in the world are facing the problem of aging population. Taiwan has officially entered the aged society in March 2018, and it is estimated that it will enter the hyper-aged society in 2026. In order to cope with the labor shortage caused by the rapid aging of Taiwan’s population, how to re-enter the manpower of the aged employee into the workplace has become an urgent issue for the government. This paper uses the 2017 Ministry of Health and Welfare Survey Report on the aged employee, in addition to exploring the labor participation of aged employee, and analyzing the differences in motivations of employees in different regions, ages, genders and education levels. According to Alderfer's ERG theory, working motivation is classified into existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, and an in-depth study of the needs classification of aged employee working motivation is conducted. The research results reveal that:
1. The working motivation of male aged employee focuses on existence needs and growth needs; the working motivation of female aged employee focuses on relatedness needs.
2. The higher the education level, the stronger of working motivation for relatedness needs and growth needs, and the weaker the working motivation for existence needs.
3. Employed persons aged 55-59, 64-69 years old whose working motivation focuses on existence needs; employed persons aged 60-64 years, whose working motivation focuses on relatedness and growth needs; employed persons over 75 years of age, whose working motivation focuses on relatedness needs.
According to the results of this study, relevant suggestions are proposed for future researchers, enterprises and government agencies as reference.

並列關鍵字

aged employee ； ERG theory ； working motivation

參考文獻

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