泰國與馬來西亞汽車產業政策發展比較

發展中國家缺乏完整市場制度、資金和技術，國家機關需透過產業政策扶植產業發展，但並非所有產業政策皆能帶來預期效果。汽車產業直接牽引上、下游產業發展，對國家經濟發展具有極大貢獻，各國國家機關干預情形也最為明顯，屬於政治經濟議題。而政治經濟學理論中顯示：一國工業發展與國家機關干預程度有相當密切的關係，因此本研究將探討「泰國和馬來西亞汽車產業發展政策比較」，說明國家機關干預程度與產業發展結果的關係為何？本研究採用「歷史結構法」與文獻分析。首先由國家機關在政治經濟上所扮演的角色與社會階層互動過程，剖析國家機關在汽車產業發展過程中扮演的角色，再分別將泰國與馬來西亞汽車產業發展過程依產業發展特性畫分為三階段，透過國家機關扶植汽車產業發展過程，整理出所採用的產業政策與輔導措施，比較國家干預程度與產業發展結果，最後由泰、馬兩國對東協汽車產業做出回應，檢視兩國汽車產業發展政策的成效。研究結果發現：馬來西亞選擇自主性政策，成立普騰國家汽車公司，全力發展國產車，而泰國選擇開放政策，由外資主導產業發展，發展皮卡車為主力車款。在自由化架構下，開放發展政策較自主性發展政策展較具競爭優勢。

關鍵字

泰國汽車產業；馬來西亞汽車產業；產業政策；國家干預；汽車產業

並列摘要

Developing countries lack the integrity of the market system, finacial capital and technology. Government institutions need to foster industry through an industrial policy, even if not all of them can bring results which we expect. The automotive industry directly effects downstream and upstream businesses which significantly contribute to economic development. The most obvious intervention are political and economic decrees from each government. Political economic theory shows that there is a close relationship between the consequences of industrial development and the extent of government intervention. This thesis will discuss “The Comparison Policy in the Automotive Industry: A Case Study of Thailand and Malaysia,” to explain the relationship between the consequences of industrial development and the extent of government intervention. This thesis adopted the “historical structural approach” and the literature analysis. First, it will discuss the role the government played between political and economic social classes. Then it will analyze what role this played in the automotive industry. The industrial policies with respect to trade and investment in this sector can be divided into three phases within each country. Then the industrial policy and investment incentives can compare the consequences on industrial development and the extent of government intervention. Finally, we can examine how they responded to the ASEAN automobile industry, and the effectiveness of industrial policies. This thesis has discovered that the government of Malaysia’s chooses the autonomy policy to establish the Proton Company and focus development on a national car, while the government of Thailand’s choose the open policy to develop pickup trucks as the main national vehicle that this was supported by direct foreign investment. Under the liberalization framework, the open policy had a more competitive advantage.