網路教材建構新方法：結合概念圖與框架導覽技術

網路教學(web-based instruction)已成為學校與企業廣為運用的知識管理工具之一，其主要目的為將部份的外顯與內隱知識建構在教材中，並順利的移轉給學習者。如何建構網路教材，亦即有效呈現知識的方法，具效益的方式傳達給學習者，將是決定網路教學系統成功的關鍵因素。概念圖被認為是一種合適的知識表徵工具，其有別於傳統的線性表示方式，利用概念化、階層化的網狀構圖，將整體概念以視覺化的方式予以呈現，當網路教材透過概念圖的表現，將比傳統的線性教材更適合超媒體環境特性；而網頁上常採用之導覽圖，以樹狀的階層表達方式能提供學習者知識索引的功能。本研究分別以傳統的「線性式教材」、加入超媒體輔助之「具導覽之線性式教材」、參考Novak提出之概念圖製作之「具導覽之傳統概念圖教材」、具加深加廣功能的「具導覽之改良式概念圖教材」，以及加入適性化考量之「具導覽漸進式概念圖教材」等五種網路教材建構方法，設計一套資料庫塑模教材。測驗對象為已修過相關課程的暨南國立大學管理、科技學院學生約一百名，以實驗設計方式比較五種網路教材對於學習者學習成效、滿意度、有用性與易用性之影響，以找出這些教材呈現方式對學習者的利弊。本研究以上述教材設計方式為自變數，應變數在探討學習成效和使用者態度，包括知覺有用性、易用性、畫面呈現滿意度，並加入共變數先備知識和電腦自我效能、電腦焦慮程度，以實驗室實驗法集合具相關背景之學生，給予上述方式所設計之教材進行教學，在教學過後進行測驗與問卷調查得到相關實驗資料，再依此數據進行分析與討論，最後得到結論：導覽的功能確實對於學生的學習成效和反應態度皆有良好的表現，知覺易用性方面使用概念圖的圖型化呈現方式，學習感受上比傳統線性式來的好，而學習者在知覺有用性上與畫面呈現的滿意度上則對認為經過適性化設計的教材對於學習最有幫助。

關鍵字

網路教學；概念圖；導覽

並列摘要

Web-based instruction has been one of the tools of knowledge management applied widely by schools and businesses. Its main purpose is to construct the explicit and tacit knowledge into the web-based materials and transfer them to learners successfully. How to construct the web-based materials, the method of displaying knowledge and passing it onto learners efficiently is the critical element of the success of web-based instruction system. Concept map, different from the traditional linear way, is viewed as the tool of the fitted knowledge features. It shows the whole concept with the visionalized way through the conceptualized, hierarchical reticular drafting. When the web-based materials appear by the concept map, it will be more suitable to the characteristics of hypermedia environment than traditional linear materials. Besides, the navigation map usually used on the web provides learners the function of knowledge index by the way of tree diagram. This study uses five constructing ways of web-based materials, that are the traditional linear materials, the hypermedia materials with the function of navigation, the concept map materials with navigation referred to Novak, and the improved concept map materials with the reinforced and extensive function and adds the concept map materials which advance gradually with the adaptive account to design a set of the materials of database model. The sample selection focuses on about 100 students of College of Management and College of Science and Technology in Chi-Nan University who have taken relative courses. It compares these five web-based materials by the way of experimental design on the impact of learners’ learning results, the degree of satisfaction, perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use to find out the advantages and disadvantages for learners through these materials. The independent variables are the above materials, the dependent variables are the learning results and the learners’ attitude, and covariance is the degree of computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. I collect the students who have relative background with laboratory experimentation to perform instruction. After instruction, I get the related experimental data from tests and questionnaires. Then, I analyze and talk about the data. Finally, I acquire the conclusion that the function of navigation has good impacts on students’ learning results and attitudes. On the perceived ease of use, the learning percept with concept map is better than with traditional linear while on the perceived usefulness and the degree of satisfaction, learners think that it is the most helpful for learning with the materials of adaptive design.