選擇終身不婚女性之主觀經驗探究

The Subjective Experiences of Lifetime Single Females

凃玟妤(Wen-Yu Tu)

指導教授 ： 蕭文

國立暨南國際大學/教育學院/輔導與諮商研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2014.00171

摘要

台灣不婚的比例逐年升高，其中女性不婚的比例提升更加快速，依據2014年政府統計數據顯示，台灣有8.15%的女性超過40歲仍未結婚或不想結婚。本研究的目的為深入了解台灣女性選擇終身不婚，可能是受到哪些生命經驗的影響、處於傳統文化脈絡中的獨特感受與主觀經驗、不婚單身生活的狀態與未來規劃、尋找主體意識與社會認同的主觀經驗，以及其家庭觀、愛情觀與親密關係觀，藉此提升諮商師對不婚族群的理解，並做為婚姻與生涯諮商的參考。本研究以詮釋現象學為研究的哲學基礎，以深入訪談的方式蒐集資料，共計訪談4位40~50歲的不婚女性，採用主題分析法進行研究資料分析。

研究發現包括：1.不婚抉擇的影響因素包括：父權體制與個人主義之衝突、傳統婚姻文化與社會變遷之衝突、家庭功能與婚姻交換利益之喪失。2.不婚女性的樣貌多元，但也有共同的特質；不婚女性重視工作與休閒，交友偏好年輕、單身、中性特質者，喜好心靈寄託活動與旅行，生活的最佳寫照悠閒自在。3.不婚女性最大的快樂來自於自由、自主與自在，生活中最大的挑戰是孤單與面對社會輿論壓力，其愛慾自由與限制呈現兩極化的現象；不婚女性的主體意識隨多項因素交錯影響而經歷提升的歷程，不婚女性對理想的家的期待顯示了她們對紮根的獨立成就感與安定的自我存在感之內在需求，而對養育小孩的期待則顯示了她們期盼心靈有所歸屬之需求；不婚女性對父母的理解與認同最為重視。

台灣女性選擇不婚的因素因人而異，但皆與傳統婚姻文化與父權體制壓迫有很大的關係，這並非個人議題，而是整體社會文化的議題，女性在婚姻中的自主權應該受到更多的重視。根據本研究結果提出六點研究建議。

關鍵字

不婚女性 ； 主觀經驗 ； 詮釋現象學

並列摘要

The rate of lifetime single increased year by year in Taiwan, especially in females. According to 2014 census, 8.15% females who were over forty years old remained single, including those who do not consider marriage. The goal of this study was to understand these lifetime single females, including the life experiences influence them to be lifetime single, their feelings and subjective experiences about stay the traditional culture, their life state and future plan, their subjective experiences about seeking subjective conscious and social identification, and their values regarding family, love, and intimate. Counselors could have a deeper understanding about them and take it as a reference for marriage and career counseling. The study method was based on hermeneutic phenomenology. Deep interview and thematic analysis were used. Four participants were between forty to fifty years old.

Results were as following: First, the reasons behind their choices to be lifetime single included the conflict between patriarchy system and individualism, the conflict between traditional marriage culture and social change, and the disappearance of family function and the benefits of marriage change. Second, there were different manners of lifetime single females, but there were the same characteristic of them. They emphasized on work and leisure, preferred younger, single, and neuter characteristic friends, and liked spiritual activity and travel. The best image of their life were leisure and comfortable. Finally, the happiness of lifetime single females came from freedom, autonomy, and self-subjective. The biggest challenges to them were lonely and stress of public opinions. Their love values were open or conservative. The subjective conscious of lifetime single females were promoted by multiple factors. They expected an ideal family, because they needed the feeling of independent achievement and self-existent. They expected to bring up children, because they needed the sense of belonging. Their parents’ understanding and identification were most emphasized.

Although participants had their own reasons to be lifetime single, they were influenced by traditional Taiwanese marriage culture. The issue of being lifetime single was related to not only individuals but also social culture. Women’s subjective rights in marriage should be more addressed. Six suggestions were in accordance with the results.

並列關鍵字

lifetime single females ； subjective experiences ； hermeneutic phenomenology

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