已成年繼親家庭子女與父母的互動歷程之敘事研究

本研究旨在探討已成年繼親家庭子女在兒少時期經歷生親離異到組成繼親家庭的整個歷程中，與同住父母、未同住父母和繼親父母之間的親子互動經驗與型態，以及當中受到哪些風險因子和保護因子的影響。本研究訪談兩位已成年的繼親家庭子女，透過深度訪談蒐集資料，接續以敘事研究之方法進行分析，主要發現如下：一、從生態系統的觀點來看，繼親家庭子女與三方父母互動中，共發現九種來自微視系統的風險因子和兩種鉅視系統的風險因子，以及五種來自微視系統的保護因子和兩種鉅視系統的保護因子。二、繼親家庭子女與三方父母之間的親子互動型態，會因為風險因子和保護因子的增減，產生流動或維持，且具有象限和光譜性質。三、成人與孩子對於「家」之概念，將影響繼親家庭子女與三方父母之親子互動關係，並在親子互動中成為風險因子亦或保險因子。四、當繼親家庭子女將繼親父母定位在同住父母的伴侶之角色時，親子互動型態中的心理互動層面屬於疏離狀態，且若認為繼親父母帶有目的性加入家庭時，將不利彼此建立良好之親子互動關係。本研究建議，繼親家庭子女之處境需要被理解，同時因應家庭的變動性，也建議各縣市政府和社福機構能提供相應之服務方案協助繼親家庭子女，讓子女最佳利益原則、友善父母原則和未成年子女會面交往權等概念與政策能真正落實。

關鍵字

繼親家庭子女；親子互動關係；復原力理論；敘事研究

並列摘要

This study investigated the parent–child interactive experiences of adults brought up in stepfamilies. Specifically, the patterns as well as risk factors and protective factors in these adults’ childhood interactions with their cohabitating parent, noncohabitating parent, and stepparent throughout the process of their biological parents divorcing and forming a stepfamily were explored. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from two adults from stepfamilies. The data thus collected were analyzed applying narrative research methods, and the findings were as follows: 1. From the perspective of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems, nine microscopic risk factors, two macroscopic risk factors, five microscopic protective factors, and two macroscopic protective factors were identified in the participants’ interactions with their cohabitating parent, noncohabitating parent, and stepparent. 2. The participants’ interaction patterns with their three parents became fluidic or remained static with the addition or subtraction of risk and protective factors, and these interaction patterns could be expressed in quadrants or spectra. 3. The parent–child interactions between children in stepfamilies and their three parents were affected by these individuals’ perception of “family,” which could serve as either a risk factor or protective factor in this study. 4. When children in stepfamilies treat their stepparent as merely the partner of their cohabitating parent, their parent–child interaction falls into the pattern of alienation in the mental interaction level. Moreover, if they perceive their stepparent as joining the family with ulterior motives, the establishment of positive parent–child interaction can be impeded. This study recommends that the situations of children in stepfamilies should be investigated further. In view of the variability of stepfamilies, county- and municipality-level governments and social welfare agencies should provide adequate support to children in stepfamilies to ensure that policies and principles such as best interest of the children, friendly parents, and visitation of minor children could be put into fact.