2014年我國地方公職人員合併選舉政策成效之研究－以南投縣為例

2014年地方公職人員合併選舉是我國重要的選舉改革政策，其是透過選務工作合併辦理的方式，在維持既有地方公職人員的前提下，首度將我國各項地方公職人員選舉合併於同一天辦理，由於本次選舉項目眾多選務工作執行相對困難，政策成效為社會各界關注焦點，也是本研究形成原因。本研究目的主要在於評估2014年地方公職人員選舉政策成效及缺失，並提出具體建議以提供未來政策執行改進參考。本研究採取回應性政策評估之質性研究模式，首先檢閱文獻了解我國我國合併選舉制度之倡議及變革；其次，依據回應性政策評估理論之探討，由政策執行及結果兩個面向訂定評估標準包括效能性、效率性、適切性及回應性；此外，並藉由參與觀察及深度訪談蒐集資料。最後，參酌文獻探討、參與觀察及深度訪談相關資料，並依據上述政策執行成效評估標準進行評估。評估結果及建議如下：一、評估結果（一）政策執行面評估結果： 1. 效能性：本次選舉雖然皆能依據相關規定及作業程序執行選務工作，並依法於時程內選出法定公職人員，然而由於選舉項目眾多選務工作較為複雜，選務作業執行過程發生多項缺失，效能性略顯不足。 2. 效率性：本次選舉經費、人力或時間之投入都呈大幅度降低，由此得知本次合併選舉效率性不只是提升，且是大幅度提升。（二）政策結果面評估結果： 1. 適切性：本次合併選舉政策之適切性呈正面意義，惟有關投開票所工作人員參政權及賄選影響選舉公正性部分，仍應研議提出修正策略。 2. 回應性：整體而言，2014年地方公職人員合併選舉大致上已經解決我國頻繁選舉之弊病，有效回應社會各界之期待，包括：節約行政資源、降低社會成本、解決政策落實之問題以及提升投票率等。惟選舉補助款及提出當選無效之訴申請驗票制度部分仍耗費太多行政資源，應研議改善才能確實提升選舉成效回應民意。二、建議（一）對執行面所提出之建議： 1. 人力應重新檢討有效配置。 2. 有效激勵以解決投開票所工作人員遴派之困境。 3. 經驗傳承，以提升各選務中心選務執行能力。 4. 落實訓練以提升投開票所工作人員選務能力。（二）對結果面所提出之建議： 1. 鄉（鎮、市）長改由官派。 2. 朝不在籍投票政策規劃。 3. 對選舉補助款之規定研議修正。 4. 就當選無效之訴申請驗票相關法令研議修正。

關鍵字

選舉；合併選舉；選務行政；政策評估；回應性評估

並列摘要

The 2014 Local Combined Elections is a significant reform in Taiwan’s election history. Maintaining the quantity of local civil servant, it combined the polling process of various local civil servant elections in a single day. Due to the amount of positions that needed to be elected, the 2014 election is comparatively difficult to execute. Therefore, the effectiveness of this policy drew attention from the public as well as the researcher herself. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness and defect of the 2014 election and provide policy suggestions for future policy execution and improvement. This research is qualitative using responsive evaluation approach. First, it analyzed the documents of Taiwan’s combined election system including its promotion and development. Second, based on the theory of responsive evaluation, this research then sets evaluative criteria on the aspects of policy execution and outcome including effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy and responsiveness. Furthermore, this research gathers data by field observation and in-depth interviews. The followings are the evaluation result and suggestion: I. Evaluation Results 1. On Policy Execution: (1) Effectiveness: although the execution of 2014 election fulfills the election regulations and legal process and the election results turned out following the schedule, due to the complexity and the amount of elections, there were several defects during the election which shows slightly lack of effectiveness. (2) Efficiency: the financial cost, human resource, and time cost are largely decreased. The efficiency of combined election policy not only increased but also largely. 2. On Policy Outcome: (1) Adequacy: the adequacy of this election show positive value while the issues of voting right of poll clerks and election bribery can still damage the fairness of the election and need to be revised. (2) Responsiveness: to sum up, the 2014 local combined elections solved the excessive frequency of elections in Taiwan. It effectively responded the expectation from the public, including economizes on administrational resource, decreasing social cost, the issue on policy practicing and increasing then voter turnout. On the other hand, election grant, vote examination and recalculation in court appealing cost excessive administrational resource and should be revised to respond the public opinion. II. Policy suggestions 1. On Policy Execution (1) The effective configuration of human resource should be revised. (2) Motivate poll clerks as a solution to shortage of human power. (3) Inheriting election experience to increase capability of each poll station. (4) Implement election training to increase capability of poll clerks. 2. On Policy Outcome: (1) Replacing supervisor elections of city or township by government appointment. (2) Implement absentee voting. (3) Revising regulations on election grant. (4) Revising regulations on vote examination and recalculation in court appealing.