從土地流失到傳統領域的再界定：邵族的哀愁與盼望

從歷史上的一方霸主到現在時不時面臨開發案糾纏的黑面琵鷺，邵族人從歷史記載得知祖先以往的生活範圍，已和現代的樣貌相差甚遠。在面對不同的土地政策，邵族經歷日治時期的集體遷村、1980年代的市地重劃、九二一地震後失去家園等事件，在喪失生存及傳統文化延續的空間後，仍然成功爭取正名為臺灣法定原住民第十族。能夠正名為邵的依據之一是透過祭典儀式的舉行，不斷實踐傳統信仰作為族群的邊界，而在2017年2月由原住民族委員會公告了「原住民族土地或部落範圍土地劃設辦法」，似乎讓邵族有機會運用別的方式來界定族群邊界。本論文將就邵族位處許多族群互動的中心位置，是如何「發現邊界」，又是如何從傳統的祖靈信仰去「建構邊界」，卻長期面對因為觀光而來的BOT開發案不斷的「影響邊界」，而在總統公開向臺灣原住民族道歉後迎來新一波原住民族權利意識的覺醒，並在劃設辦法公告後，邵族是如何試著透過文獻資料、口述歷史及現在製圖工具「重構邊界」。藉由本研究長時間的參與觀察，分析邵族在參與法制化的過程中，如何應對現代國家治理方式與傳統土地利用觀念的衝突，甚或原漢文化之間對土地權利的認知不同而引發的爭議，以及邵族如何從土地流失後的不斷訴說走向劃設辦法引領的盼望當中。

關鍵字

邵族；傳統領域；劃設辦法；原住民族土地；開發案

並列摘要

From the historical domination of one side to the black-faced spoonbills that now face development cases from time to time, the Thau people know from historical records that the area where their ancestors used to live is far from the modern appearance. In the face of different land policies, the Thau have experienced the collective relocation of villages during the Japanese colonial period, the rezoning of municipal land in the 1980s, and the loss of their homes after the September 21 earthquake. One of the reasons for being able to be named as Thau is that through the rituals, traditional beliefs have been practiced as the boundaries of the ethnic group. This research aims to discuss how the Thau, who are at the center of many ethnic interactions, have "discovered boundaries" and "constructed boundaries" from traditional ancestral spiritual beliefs, but have long faced the constant "impact on boundaries" from BOT development projects due to tourism. This study is an attempt to "reconstruct the boundary" through documentary materials, oral history, and current mapping tools. Through this study's long participatory observation, we analyze how the Thau have responded to the conflict between modern state governance and traditional land use concepts, or even the controversy over the different perceptions of land rights among the original Chinese culture, and how the Thau have moved from the continuous appeal after land loss to the hope led by the regulations for land demarcation of traditional territory.