從Sally Helgesen的「包容網」理論探討非營利組織女性領導人：菩提長青村村長個案分析

自1990年代以來，美國學者Sally Helgesen 的「包容網」理論，儼然成為探討女性領導行為的新典範，其對於非營利組織女性領導人的探討，尤其深具啟發意義。本文循此理論的研究途徑，藉質性研究的參與觀察法，作成日誌式對話紀錄。從包容網理論所界定出的「形式」與「過程」兩個面向，以及領導者社會化歷程，來探討南投縣埔里鎮菩提長青村村長－陳芳姿，近十年來照顧九二一地震後高齡災民的社會福利實驗社區之領導行為模式。研究發現：第一、村長與其夫婿承擔管理長青村重責後，以長媳自居，確立家族式的領導核心地位，進而建構蛛網式組織架構；一來方便村長與成員間的溝通；二則便於組織成員對於彼此工作的相互認識與互助。第二、村長擅於溝通以及母性特質的管理方式，使長青村的對內與對外溝通網絡綿密，有效致力於內部的共識建立、教育訓練、衝突管理、資源分配與問題解決；對外則能廣結善緣，蓄積生存與發展所需資源。第三、村長的領導模式與包容網理論所揭櫫的意涵，不論就形式或過程而言，咸皆若合符節。但是因為組織型態的差異，因此在領導特質部分，Helgesen所提的蛛網領導特質與長青村個案是有所差異。前者著重於專業知識上的不斷學習，後者則是做為組織成員學習的支援角色，並積極投入手工藝品的創發。

關鍵字

非營利組織；女性領導；包容網；菩提長青村；陳芳姿

並列摘要

Since 1990s, American scholar Sally Helgesen’s “ the web of inclusion” has become a new significant model of female leadership style；Its research on female leadership of non-profit organization is very inspiring. This thesis follows the methodology of her theory, using the qualitative method of the participate in observing from the two aspects: “pattern” & “process” and the experience of her socalization to discuss the traits of Nantou County Pu Li Bodhi Chang Ching Village’s leader. Fong-Zi Chen whose leadership and qualities in experimental community over the past ten years, looking after the welfare of aged victims after 921 earthquake. The main finding as follow: First, the village leader and her husband take charge of the management of Chang Ching village. She regards herself as an eldest daughter- in- law of these aged men, making sure of her family leadership, and constructing the flat frame of organization and webs structure. The Webs not only encourage direct communication across levels but also make members of organization can help each other actively. Second, both internal and external communicating webs are very intensive, efficiently dedicated for building internal consensus, educational training, conflict management, resource distribution, and problem solving. Through external communication, the village can win its popularity and gain the needy resource of surviving and development. Third, the village leader's mode of leadership and the theory of "web of inclusion" reveals that alike in both pattern and process. However, the diversity of organization form causes different leaders’ characteristics.