以創造性演化看組織轉型-以頂新集團為例

當環境發生變化，企業為了永續發展並突破經營現況，除了透過企業內部的組織結構調整或是轉換組織目標等漸進式的改革，企業更必須具備一個開放的、不斷演化的條件，並與環境進行良好的互動及互相依賴的關係，以創造出新的企業經營模式。本研究運用新科學典範的論點來解釋和探討「企業與環境共演化」的種種現象，以頂新集團作為個案研究對象，運用歷史研究法將公司進軍大陸後的演化時程，分成46個大事件，並以年度進行區分，透過深度訪談及次級資料做內容分析，推導出組織轉型的相關命題。研究顯示個案企業在事件中皆存在學習與開放的演化前提，且皆處在混沌的環境下，公司在合作式競爭與共同演化的機制下，進行組織轉型。但轉型的前提及機制有強弱的程度分別；在轉型前提及機制的事件呈現明顯強烈的動態時，企業便會產生革命性變遷(質變)的過程；與漸進式變遷互相搭配，形成一個連續間斷突躍的創造性演化模式。本研究將這46個事件，依照產業循環、制度引領、產品創新、管理程序及經營模式五種轉型結果加以定義，其亦依循連續間斷突躍的創造性演化的質量互變的模式，由產業創新或產業循環的驅使下先進行革命性的組織變遷，最後找出個案企業面對混沌環境，如何訂定使企業永續經營的結果。

關鍵字

創造性演化；組織轉型；轉型模式

並列摘要

The enterprises use progressive way, such as organizational restructuring or objectives change, to get sustainable development when the environment changes. However, more important to enterprises is to have an open and evolutional culture to make good interaction and interdependence of relationships so as to create a new business model along with the environment. This study uses science paradigm to explain and explore the evolutions between enterprises and environment. Ting Hsin International Group was the research case of this study. This study divides the case’s development into 46 large events with historical research method. In depth interviews and content analysis through secondary data were together help to explore the change system with its environment. This study shows that the process of organizational change is influenced by the interaction of two variables, learning and open evolution antecedent and cooperative competition and co-evolution mechanism. When two variables interact strongly within a dynamic environment, a leap creative evolution occurs with both revolutionary change and evolutionary change. 46 large events of the case development are categorized into five change outcome, ranging from industry innovation, policy lead, product innovation, management process, to operating model. This result shows that the case also follows the pattern of leap evolution.