警察機關處理新型態聚眾活動危機管理之研究─以太陽花學運為例

在資訊網路大量運用的21世紀，除了改變環境、人們的習慣，甚至是思維模式，在此一新的資訊環境下，也使得危機發生的場域從「實體」擴展至「虛擬」，甚而發生「實體危機」與「網路危機」交互作用的情形。在此傳統實體加上虛擬網路聚眾活動變化之際，對於新型態的聚眾活動如何有效處理及危機管理需加以檢視。此外，本研究探討太陽花學運之影響，從而建構新型態聚眾活動之危機管理模式。基此，本研究運用文獻探討法、個案研究法及調查研究法，探討太陽花學運警察機關因應措施之優缺得失，及未來因應新型態聚眾活動之策略。個案分析運用危機管理理論檢視太陽花學運事件之危機處理，結果發現警政單位不管在危機醞釀期、危機爆發期或危機解除期，皆有可改進之處。接著，針對警政人員、專家學者、學運幹部及媒體記者進行12份的開放式問卷調查，並藉以分析比較新型態聚眾活動、危機管理模式、內部溝通、外部影響等因素。此外，本研究也嘗試比較傳統與新型態聚眾活動，並整理出形成原因、訴求目的、聚眾活動發起的機制、運作方式聚眾組織運作的模式、活動資訊傳播的媒介、警察機關執法依據、情報偵蒐模式、時間面向以及危機管理模式，共9項比較因素。最後，透過文獻探討、個案以及問卷分析，研究結果建議警察機關對於新型態聚眾活動與資訊科技密切結合趨勢，確實有需要強化網路危機偵查及預警機制，以提高應變的整備與協調聯結。未來應朝落實聚眾活動危機動態管理、建立跨域機動警力調度機制、強化網路危機偵查及預警機制、修正聚眾活動防處標準作業規範、導入大數據理論海量資料分析應用，以及建立情蒐平台等，藉以因應新型態聚眾活動。

關鍵字

太陽花學運；新型態聚眾活動；危機管理；警察機關

並列摘要

In the internet age of the 21st century, the mass information circulates on net does not only change our environment, people's habits and thinking model, but also make the field of crises from "entity" extended to "virtual"; and causes multiple affection by interaction of the "real crisis" and "network crisis ". This change in the traditional physical plus virtual network gathering activities on the occasions, a New Type Mass-Assembly Protests arise. How to effectively deal with crisis management need to review. This study investigates the influence of Sunflower Movement, so as to construct New Type Mass-Assembly Protests Crisis management activities. Then, in the study we use literature search, case study method and survey research to investigate the good and bad means which the Police’s counter-measures had took on Sunflower Movement and give tactics suggestion for the New Type Mass-Assembly Protests in the future. Case analysis using theory of crisis management view of handling a crisis event on Sunflower Movement, and found police units’ counter-measures can be improved in period of incubated, explosion and terminate time. Then, this study was conducted 12 questionnaires to policemen, scholars, movement’s cadres and journalists to understand the different views in the sunflower movement. In addition, this study also try to compare traditional and new type mass-assembly protest in 9 factors to ascertain protest causes, real request, originate mechanism, operate model, information broadcast media; and how police put law into practice, information and evidences collecting, time arrangement and crisis management. Finally, the study suggests that to raise Police Unit’s adaptability and coordination; the Police Unit indeed needs to strengthen network crisis detection and establish an early warning system to face the tendency that the Mass-Assembly Activities integrate with IT closely related. The future target should fulfill Mass-Assembly Activities Crisis Dynamic Management, establish cross-areas mobile police forces dispatch mechanism, strengthen network crisis detection and early warning system, amend the Mass-Assembly Activity Management SOP, put Big Data Analytics in use, build intelligence gathering platform, and etc. to cope with the new type of Mass-Assembly Protest.