我國國民小學女性初任校長職涯規畫研究之自由女性主義觀點分析

隨著社會型態的改變，性別議題逐漸成為公共事務關注的焦點，在推展與落實性別平等教育過程中，決策職務的女性主管只為少數，想要消弭教育中的性別主義，進而實踐性別平權，不僅課程教材需要改革，教師、主任和校長也應該具備性別平等意識，並透過教學傳達性別平權觀念給學生，以作為學習情境中良好的模範。因此，觀察女性初任校長從教師、組長、主任陞遷的職涯規畫經驗，並探討影響職涯規畫的因素，以自由女性主義的觀點來探究職涯規畫歷程與性別平等概念間的關連，是有意義的。本研究以台灣北中南區域的國民小學女性初任校長為研究對象，透過質性研究之文獻分析及個案訪談法，從自由女性主義理論建立半結構訪談大綱，蒐集瞭解女性初任校長的職涯規畫過程影響因素及突破策略，並從自由女性主義之「尊重個體自由」、「保障機會平等」、「正視性別差異」觀點進行分析與批判。研究發現，女性初任校長的職涯規畫模式以職家平衡為主要方向，從尊重個體自由而言，家人的支持與尊重是成就女性初任校長職涯規畫的關鍵因素。而在機會均等情形下，女性初任校長的職涯規畫，與男性校長並無明顯差異，但在家庭及性別角色因素影響下，其達成速度相對被動而緩慢，不過，女性初任校長的個人特質及價值觀是突破職涯障礙的關鍵，因此女性初任校長普遍都能突破性別差異，找到自我實現的勇氣，達成自己的理想。研究建議女性初任校長面對職涯規畫困境的因應策略方向，除了延續不以性別判定職位的觀念，能善用多元策略處理家庭照護責任，在自我價值建立及突破社會文化價值過程，也應建立平等自我實現機會與積極正向的個人價值觀，提供面對未來考驗的勇氣。針對未來研究方向，有關性別議題的發展與影響、女性校長在社會文化價值上蛻變的歷程、女性校長掙脫社會文化價值綑綁的關鍵，都是值得研究的空間。女性主義帶動了女性主體意識的覺醒，改變了社會結構對女性的鬆綁，期望未來每一位女性教育工作者，都能在機會均等的前提下，真正張顯自己的個人特質與價值觀，勇敢而不猶豫地追尋自己的夢想，落實性別平等的真義。

關鍵字

女性初任校長；職涯規畫；自由女性主義；性別

並列摘要

With the change of social pattern, gender issues have gradually become the focus of public affairs. In the course of promoting and implementing gender equity education, female leaders in decision-making positions are only a minority. If we want to eliminate sexism in education and practice gender equality, we should have a sense of gender equality, and convey the concept to the students as a good model for learning situations. Therefore, observing the experience on the career development of the female primary principal from the promotion of teachers, team leaders and directors, and exploring the factors affecting their career development, from the perspective of liberal feminism, should be meaningful. In this study, the female primary principals of national primary school in north, central and south regions in Taiwan, were selected as subjects. Through the literature analysis and interviewing method, qualitative research was carried out to establish the semi-structured interview outline. The process of influencing factors from liberal feminism, "respect for individual freedom", "equal opportunity protection" and "face gender differences", were the points of analysis and criticism. The study found that female primary principals’ career planning model is to balance the work and family. From respect for individual freedom, the support and respect of the family is a key factor in the success of the career planning of the female primary principals. In the case of equality of opportunity, there is no significant difference in the pace of career planning for the female primary principals with the male principal, but under the influence of family and gender roles, it will be relatively passive and slow. the female primary principals’ characteristics and values are the key to break through career barriers. Therefore, the female primary principals are generally able to break the gender differences, to find the courage to achieve self-realization of their own ideals. The research suggests that female primary principals should take advantage of the multiple strategies to deal with family care responsibilities in addition to continuing the notion of gender determination in the face of career planning dilemma. In the process of establishing self-value and breaking through social and cultural values, we should also establish equal opportunities for self-actualization and active positive personal values, and provide courage to face the test of the future. For the future research direction, the development and influence of the gender issues, the process of female principals' social and cultural changes, and the key to break away from the social and cultural value bundling of female principals are all worth studying. Feminism led to the awakening of women's subject consciousness, changed the social structure of female relaxation. Hope that every female educator in the future has equal opportunity under the premise of the real personal qualities and values, and braves to pursue their dreams, to show the implementation of the true meaning of gender equality.