臺灣高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定合理性之研究

A study on the rationality of policy-making for higher education students loan in Taiwan

汪成琳(Cheng-Lin Wang)

指導教授 ： 楊振昇

國立暨南國際大學/教育學院/教育政策與行政學系/博士(2018年)

摘要

當有些國家高等教育由精英教育轉變為大眾教育、普及教育，從免學費調整為「使用者付費」加上普遍性的高學費政策，各國高等教育學生就學貸款政策，於焉應運而生。本研究旨在探討臺灣高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定之內涵、過程與影響因素及目標達成情形。首先透過文獻分析，整理與分析政策制定合理性及主要國家學生貸款政策的沿革、發展與困境等資料，並據以編製德懷術問卷及訪談大綱，以十五位教育界之專家學者為研究對象，並以半結構式訪談七位專家學者及政府官員。最後，綜合文獻探討、德懷術問卷調查統計結果及訪談資料，歸納整理出以下結論：
壹、高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定之內涵
一、符合社會公平正義的原則。
二、提供培育國家人才的重要途徑。
三、避免資源集中，有助社會階層產生流動。
四、積極落實「差別性原則」，實現教育機會均等。
貳、高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定之過程
一、符合多元參與及逐步漸近的做法。
二、過程具協商與妥協的色彩且合理周延。
三、經過充分溝通且達成社會理性共識。
參、高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定之影響因素
一、學貸政策制定受各界的影響。
二、學貸政策制定受政黨政策的影響。
三、學貸政策制定受大眾媒體的影響。
肆、高等教育學生就學貸款政策制定之目標達成情形
一、在協助弱勢學生就讀高教機會方面，已達到高程度的標準。
二、在促進學生人力資本投資及增加就業機會方面，已達到中高程度的標
準。
三、在符合公平、效能與永續及保障學生受教權方面，已達到中高程度的標
準。
最後，根據上述研究結論提出具體建議，提供教育行政機關、學生與家長及未來研究者等三方面作為參考。

關鍵字

教育政策 ； 政策制定 ； 學生就學貸款政策 ； 合理性

並列摘要

While higher education in some countries transfered from elite education, universal education to mass education, from the free tuition to "user charge" , and with the commonly adopted high tuition policy, thus the students’ loan policy for higher education of every country came into being.
The purpose of this research was to probe into the content, process, influencing factors as well as the situation of achievement on the policy-making of Taiwan higher education's student loans. Firstly, through literature analysis and the studying on rationality of policy-making, along with the evolution ,development , plight of the data to students’ loan policy of the main countries; thus, the Delphi technique questionnaire and interview outline were compiled. Furthermore, fifteen experts and scholars in the education sector were chosen as the research objects, and seven experts and government officials were interviewed by way of semi- structured interview. Finally, a comprehensive literature review, the result of Delphi technique questionnaire survey, and information of interviews were summed up as follows:
A. The content of policy-making on students’ loan for higher education students.
a. Confirming to the principle of social fairness and justice.
b. Offering the best method for cultivating national talents.
c. Avoiding resources concentrated in few people's hands so as to help every stratum circulate.
d. Having the differentiation principle in fully implementing and realizing the equality of educational opportunity.
B. The process of policy-making students’ loan for higher education students.
a. Meeting the requirement of multiple participations and practicing the step-by-step approaching.
b. During the process, it is full of hues of negotiation as well as compromise, and with rational reviewing.
c. It is fully communicated, and reached a social rational consensus.
C. The factors affecting of policy-making students’ loan for higher education students.
a. Factors that affected students’ loan from all sectors of community.
b. The policy-making of students’ loan was influenced by parties’ policies.
c. The policy-making of students’ loan was influenced by mass medias.
D. The target achievement of policy-making toward the students' loan for high education students.
a. On helping the disadvantaged students to study in the higher education opportunities, the goal has achieved high-level target.
b. On investing on improving human capital and increasing employment opportunities, the goals have reached at medium-high level.
c. Under fairness, effectiveness, sustainability and ensuring the students' right to education have reached medium-high level.
Finally, according to the above mentioned conclusion, the concrete suggestions were presented in order to provide for education administration, parents and students, future researchers, three aspects for their information.

並列關鍵字

education policy ； policy-making ； loan policy for higher education students ； rationality

參考文獻

一、中文部分

上村敏之（2010）。獎學金制度的政策評估。We Evolve Students’ Tomorrow（WEST）論文研究發表會。取自：http://www.west-univ.com/library/2010/10_zai1.pdf

日本文部科學省（2015）。私校行政的現狀和問題。取自http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2015/12/08/1364859_4_1.pdf

日本文部科學省（2017）。豐富教育投資促進我國的發展〜關於減輕教育費的負擔。取自http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/kaigi/special/reform/wg7/290313/shiryou4.pdf

日本文部科學省（2018）。加強獎學金業務。取自http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/shougakukin/main.htm