有鑑於時代轉變,全球邁入資訊快速傳遞的新世紀,所有的組織運作規則都在調整腳步,而本研究將呈現台灣的中小企業經營者將如何運用組織性質與個人特色,將生活中經驗應用發展至領導表現之經驗學習歷程。以了解經營者目前的領導表現與從前領導表現之間的差異;瞭解經營者培養不同於以往的領導表現之經驗學習過程;以及探究領導經驗學習之於中小企業經營者的影響為本研究主要目的。中小企業第一代白手起家之經營者為研究對象,以訪談法對五位台灣中小企業第一代經營者進行半結構式訪談。 本研究結果發現: (一)家庭與性別為兩個主要影響中小企業經營者領導經驗學習之因素,其中女性經營者比男性經營者更會從日常生活中找尋最得心應手的生命角色,當作展現領導表現的基本原型,而男性經營者多以解決問題為主,對性別角色較無與女性經營者般的深刻體認; (二)在領導表現上異於其他研究之發現為中小企業者在處理突發狀況時,除了權衡局勢順勢而變之外,最特別的是會回歸到自身所認定價值觀為主要不變的考量,來因應外在萬變的局勢; 另外,(三)亦發現中小企業經營者之經驗學習歷程與一般成人學習者經驗學習在進行評估的時機點不同:本研究中小企業經營者較注重事前的評估,而非一般成人學習者事後的評鑑, 以及最後,(四)本研究之中小企業經營者皆重視第一線人員的實際參與。 因此本研究根據研究結果提出四點主要建議: (一)員工訓練除專業技能課程外,需增設溝通課程與自我探索課程; (二)增加第一線員工參與決策的機會; (三)心理諮商人員配置;及其他對於未來相關研究之研究對象選擇與研究範圍等建議。
The purpose of the study is to explore the difference between small and medium enterprises managers nowdays leadership and the leadership in the past; to understanding the small and medium enterprises managers developing new leadership’s experiential learning process; and to see the effect of the leadership’s experiential learning process to the small and medium enterprises managers. This study use phenomenological qualitative approach was adopted to in-depth interview 5 Taiwanese small and medium enterprises managers. Through investigation their experiential leaning process of leadership, the findings of the study as follows: 1. Sex and family are two major effects on the leadership’s experiential learning process of the small and medium enterprises manager. 2. Managers will change the way to solve problems depend on the environment but they will hardly change their values. 3. The managers experiential leaning process is very different than ordinary adult learners. They think evaluate should be done before all actions, not after. 4. The managers should take the first line members opinions seriously. At last, the recommendations for the experiential learning process of small and medium enterprises manager’s leadership as follows: 1. Other than focusing in cultivating specialization skills should also having course in communication and self-exploration. 2. Increase the opportunity of the first line members participate in the decision meeting. 3. Consider having the mental counselor in the organization.