靈性社會工作:一個現象學的探討

Spirituality in Social Work: A Phenomenological Approach

申玉微(Yuh-wei Seng)

指導教授 ： 林木筆

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/博士(2016年)

摘要

社會工作專業化的過程中，靈性議題因為無法通過科學的檢驗而被排除，但靈性需求在社會工作實務中不斷湧入，什麼是「靈性社會工作」是本研究想要回答的問題，研究本著社會工作是一種科學，也是一種藝術的前提，從靈性認識論的省思出發，以現象學研究方法落實探討我們如何認識「靈性」經驗的方式，深度探究什麼是「靈性社會工作」。
本研究藉由社會工作者自身的靈性經驗和曾經協助案主在靈性上成長、改變和超越的經驗，透過現象學還原解析經驗內涵更深層的意義，從跨學科觀點中擴大靈性議題的理論基礎。採半結構式訪談4位具宗教背景的社會實務工作者，研究結果希望能提供對於靈性觀點感興趣的實務工作者、研究者或是理論建構者一套實用性的知識。
研究結果從靈性知識論、靈性內涵、靈性社會工作本質、靈性社會工作的結構和意義，以及靈性社會工作實務範例五個面向來討論什麼是「靈性社會工作」。1. 結合理性主義和經驗主義的知識理論探究靈性議題，是必要之路。2. 靈性內涵5個意義單位分別為：靈性是人的本質；靈性是關於人類追尋個人的意義；靈性是人類生活必需且重要的面向；把靈性敬畏的成分是一個人尋求意義的動機和情緒的基礎；靈性不是個人層次，是一種相互關係。3. 靈性社會工作的本質有：把靈性存在看作是光子的絕對存在；把靈性提昇看作是追尋絕對價值和意義的過程；把信念看作是靈性追尋的趨動力量，相信就會趨近；把靈性追尋內涵看作是自我超越；把靈性處遇看作是一種生命影響生命的過程。4. 靈性社會工作結構中，問題界定：生命缺乏意義感和價值感；處遇目標：靈性提昇，認識自己的價值、長處和美德；處遇策略：無條件的愛和接納、引喻和有意義的巧合；評估指標：生命得到新的價值、意義和幸福感。5. 10個靈性社會工作範例。
探究什麼是「靈性社會工作」，對於欲勾勒出靈性社會工作樣貌的目的來說，是重要的第一步。研究結果顯示，生命價值和意義的追尋是靈性社會工作的核心，探討人生真正的意義成了重要課題。除此之外，在經驗主義的認識脈絡之外，結合理性主義的觀點，是奠定「靈性社會工作」基礎理論的重要方向，討論靈性社會工作與社會工作之異同，對於社會工作實務和教育來說，提供了重要的知識來源。

關鍵字

靈性社會工作 ； 理性主義 ； 經驗主義 ； 現象學 ； 本質

並列摘要

Spiritual issues in social work profession were neglected due to the concern of lacking scientific rigor. But clients express intense spiritual needs in social work practice. “What Spirituality is in social work practice” is the research question for this study. This study explores the nature of spirituality in social work.
The purpose of this study is to examine spirituality in social work by means of analyzing the experiences of social workers who have been helping clients through attending to spirituality. A semi-structured interview is used and the descriptive Phenomenological Method as data analyzing technique. Implications for social work theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Research findings are follows: 1. Theoretical knowledge derived from rationalism and empiricism for exploring spiritual issues is necessary. 2. The conceptualization of spirituality is as follows: Spirituality is Human essence; Spirituality is about searching for the meaning of existence; Spirituality is necessary and important dimension of Human Being; Revering spirituality is good motive for meaning searching and emotional stability; Spirituality is not personal, but a reciprocal relationship. 3. The essences of spirituality in social work is as follow: Spirituality is to be viewed as the absolute existence of photon; Spiritually cultivating is be viewed as a journey searching for truth, a process of approximating; Spirituality is to be viewed as a belief, the stronger the better, to get to be transformed; Spiritually oriented treatment is to be viewed as unspoken effect. 4. The structure and meaning of spiritual social work is as follow: On assessment: Human problems arise from the lack of a sense of the meaning and sense of worth; On treatment goal: Spiritual transformation, enhancing understanding of self-worth, meaning of their values, strengths and virtues; On treatment strategy: unconditional acceptance, metaphor, and sycronicity; On evaluation indicator: To give new life value and meaning, happiness. 5. 10 spiritual practice examples.
This study exploring spirituality in social work is a very important step forwarding illustrating appearance of spiritually oriented social work practice. The results show that the value of life and the search for meaning is the core of spirituality in social work, and to explore the true meaning of life has become an important issue. In addition, besides the empirical knowledge, rationalist view is to lay the important directions of spirituality in social work. This study also discusses similarities and differences between spirituality oriented social work practice and traditional social work with the hoped that it will be applicable for social work education and social work practice.

並列關鍵字

spirituality in social work ； rationalism ； empiricism ； phenomenology ； essence

參考文獻

一、 中文部分

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