論搜索扣押與人權保障

本研究以搜索、扣押之現況，探討搜索、扣押行為適法性以及民眾面對司法機關執行搜索、扣押時造成了對人民基本權之影響。搜索、扣押為司法警察機關常態性勤務之ㄧ，係具有強制性之行政檢查行為，執行人員稍有不慎，極易侵害到人民的基本權；再加上現今國人人權意識高漲，司法警察機關在治安維護及人權保障之間如何取得平衡，實為刻不容緩之議題。本研究旨在釐清搜索、扣押之意義、法制面及實務上之間差異，而能使搜索、扣押的程序更符合人權保障以及人性尊嚴之維護。並以實務執行面之相關適用法律為基礎，說明搜索、扣押之概念及應遵行之法律原則，以及結合觀察司法警察人員實務運作，期能在人權保障與警察治安維護之間取得平衡點，並提出建議。筆者並透過研究發現，現行搜索、扣押法制仍存有諸多定義模糊之規定，極易造成司法警察人員執行搜索、扣押時因過度基於主觀判斷，而侵害人民基本權利、以及人民接受搜索、扣押而認基本權利有受損害時，現行法制尚無直接救濟之規定，尚待修法為宜。

關鍵字

搜索；扣押；人權保障

並列摘要

In this study, the current situation of search and seizure is discussed, and the search and seizure behavior is discussed, and the people are faced with the influence of the basic rights of the people in the face of judicial search. Search, seizure for the judicial police organs of the normal service of the sentence, the department of a mandatory administrative inspection behavior, the implementation staff a little careless, easily infringed upon the people's basic rights; coupled with the current human rights awareness of the people, the judicial police how to strike a balance between security and human rights protection is an urgent issue. the purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between search, seizure, legal and practice, and to make search and seizure more consistent with human rights and human dignity. based on the relevant applicable laws of the enforcement practice, to clarify the concept of search and seizure and the legal principles to be followed, and to observe the practical operation of the judicial police officers, and to strike a balance between human rights protection and police order maintenance and make a suggestion. the author also found that the current search, seizure of the rule of law there are still many vague rules, can easily lead to judicial police officers to perform the search, seized due to excessive subjective judgments, and against the basic rights of the people, and the people accept the search, seizure where there is damage to the basic rights, there is no direct remedy for the existing legal system.