在雲端運算上以SNMP為基礎的虛擬機器監測機制

近幾年來雲端運算的興起，許多雲端服務的提供商在資料中心佈署大量虛擬機器，虛擬化技術已成為當今最熱門的資訊科技之一。隨著虛擬化技術的成長，虛擬機器軟體提供商也越來越多，例如VMware，Xen，KVM，VirtualBox，各自發展獨門技術。而現今多數的虛擬機器監控工具，大多是由虛擬化軟體提供商自行發展，通常只侷限於某一個虛擬化平台，這除了造成異質虛擬機器不易管理，也不利於自行開發監控工具。有鑒於虛擬機器平台缺乏統一的管理標準，本研究提出以SNMP做為虛擬機器的監控標準，管理者只需以SNMP監測虛擬機器而不用考慮虛擬機器平台架構或使用各種虛擬機器專屬的監測API。我們實作虛擬機器的SNMP監測系統，站在實體主機的角度，從現有的MIB-II與HOST-RESOURCES-MIB中找尋虛擬機器的資訊之外，並制定虛擬機器專用的MIB，以可擴充代理程式 (AgentX)結合libvirt API提供更為完整的虛擬機器資訊，以實現利用SNMP來管理由異質虛擬機器所構成的環境。

關鍵字

虛擬機器；雲端運算； SNMP

並列摘要

With the rapid growth of cloud computing, a great number of servers are deployed in a data center to provide virtual machines to a variety of users. Several virtualization techniques have been developed in the recent years. Platforms for virtual machines, e.g. VMware, Xen, KVM, and VirtualBox, may adopt different virtualization techniques for particular purposes. This leads to a heterogeneous virtual infrastructure in clouds. For effective management of a heterogeneous virtual infrastructure, there is a demand for a standardized interface for the monitoring of a lot of virtual machines in the data center. This thesis will propose the use of SNMP in VM monitoring. The proposed monitoring scheme makes use of two standard MIBs, MIB-II and Host Resources MIB, to provide essential information for VM configuration and performance monitoring. In addition, an enterprise MIB is developed on AgentX to provide detailed VM instance information. A web-based management system is also implemented to demonstrate the superiority of SNMP in monitoring heterogeneous virtual machines.