西寮遺址各文化時期環境變遷對生業型態的影響

西寮遺址位於台南市下營區、麻豆區之間，曾文溪北側沖積平原上，從2006年~2010年的發掘結果顯示，此遺址涵蓋細繩紋陶文化（3700~3300B.P.）、大湖文化（2800~1400B.P.）及蔦松文化（1400~300B.P.）三個史前文化，且均可見不少文化遺物與生態遺留。然而，台灣考古學的研究多著重於文化遺物的分析，以探討文化內涵為首要目的，因此以生態遺留為主要材料的研究也相對稀少。本遺址出土之生態遺留類別多元且數量豐富，是理解史前人群生業型態的重要證據，此外，由於遺址位處於古倒風內海一帶區域，其古環境深受地質環境與海、河等自然因素的影響而不斷變遷，因此本論文擬從遺址所在區域之宏觀環境，以及遺址本身之微觀環境變化為切入點，並以探坑P60~P66之陸生哺乳類動物骨骼遺留作為抽樣，嘗試應用動物考古學方法來理解不同時期人群在動物資源上的利用選擇，並比較其他生態遺留的出土狀況，以及生業工具的利用，作為生業型態推斷的依據，希望釐清細繩紋陶文化到蔦松文化時期的環境變遷下，西寮遺址活動的史前人群在長達約三千年的時間內，如何修正生存策略以「適應」不同的環境，改變他們對資源取用的方式及技術。

關鍵字

西寮遺址；環境變遷；生業型態；動物考古學

並列摘要

Siliau site is located between Hsiaying and Madou District in Tainan County, on the northern alluvial plain of Zengwun River. The 2006-2010 excavations recovered a wealth of cultural and ecological remains. This provided evidence for three prehistoric periods, Fine Cord-Marked Pottery Culture （3700 ~ 3300 B.P.）, Ta-hu culture （2800 ~ 1400 B.P.） and Niao-sung Culture （1400 ~ 300 B.P.）, which had occupied the site. However, Taiwanese archaeology emphasizes more on the analysis of cultural remains and its primary purpose aims to explore the cultural developments. Therefore, ecological remains are relatively less studied. The diversity and abundancy of ecological remains found in this site provide critical evidence to understand prehistoric subsistence patterns. Since the site was adjacent to ancient Dao-feng Inland Sea area, the palaeoenvironment has been affected by many natural factors, e.g. geological formation, sea and river changes. Therefore, this thesis intends to examine the macro and micro environmental changes in Siliau Site to understand how fauna resources were exploited during different time periods. The mammal bones excavated in Pit 60-66 are sampled with zooarchaeological methods and approaches, together with other excavated ecological remains and tools. It aims to clarify how prehistoric communities in Siliau Site adjusted their survival strategies adapt environmental changes across three thousand years.