台灣家戶消費不均度與社會人口特性差異分析

台灣在經濟的發展中經歷了起飛與停滯，在人口結構的改變中經歷了嬰兒潮、少子化及高齡化，在這樣的變遷過程中，無法避免的將產生家戶資源獲取及分配等問題，而造成不均現象。事實上，不論是從低度開發國家到成熟的已開發國家，分配不均都是經濟發展過程中無可避免的議題，也都是政府施政與社會關切的問題。本文採用行政院主計總處家庭收支調查資料，以橫跨40年的連續資料 (1976迄今)，聚焦於台灣在人口結構改變導致家戶結構跟著變化的情況下，而可能面臨的福利水準變化。不同於過去國內文獻多以所得的角度來探討分配的問題，本文希望能從消費的角度來分析分配與與貧窮的問題，並特別針對消費不均的成因進行嚴謹的條件式迴歸分析，同時也連結住宅分配和家戶型態，嘗試重新對所得、消費、住宅支出和家戶結構，，做綜合性的分析和探討，期能對國內相關研究有所補充，同時提供政策上的建議。

關鍵字

人口老化；所得不均；消費不均；住宅分配

並列摘要

Taiwan has experienced take-off and stagnation in its economic development, and has experienced baby boom, declining birthrate, and aging in the change of demographic structure. In this process of change, it is inevitable that household resource acquisition and distribution problems will arise. In fact, whether it is from a low-developed country to a mature developed country, inequailty is an unavoidable issue in the process of economic development, and it is also an issue of government governance and social concern. Purpose of this research is to focus on the changing welfare level of the elderly to considering the important role of housing distribution and housing welfare under the trend of fast population aging. This research employs Survey of Family Income and Expenditure conducted by DGBAS, Executive Yuan, from 1976 to date for consecutively 40 years into analysis. This research introduces new aspects on issues of elderly welfare from international literature. Hopefully findings of this research are able to provide complementary evidences to the related literature as well as constructive recommendation for ageing population policies.