貧窮女性單親生活因應策略之探討與類型建構

The coping strategy and category for single-mother in poverty

林茹茵(Ru-Yin Lin)

指導教授 ： 詹宜璋

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2007.00205

摘要

經濟問題一直為單親家庭最大的困擾，而女性單親甚至同時面臨了單親結構與性別的雙重劣勢，過去研究亦指出，單親家庭比雙親家庭更容易落入貧窮，又以女性單親家庭風險最高，然而，對於易陷入貧窮又不易脫貧的女性單親而言，長期深陷經濟匱乏生活的她們要如何因應？她們對於貧窮的認知、想像又是否有差異呢？ 本研究以貧窮女性單親為研究對象，欲探討貧窮女性單親在經濟困境中的貧窮認知、脫貧想像與長、短期策略間的關係與差異，並試圖建構貧窮女性單親的生活因應類型，瞭解不同類型的女性單親對於貧窮生活的認知與對於未來的期待，以期有助於實務工作與未來政策規劃之參考。為達上述目的，研究者採質性研究之深度訪談法，共有九位貧窮女性單親參與訪談，研究結果敘述如下：

貧窮女性單親面臨了家計與照顧角色取擇兩難的角色衝突，在顧此失彼的情況下，衍生出許多共同的生活困境：子女教養、就業困境、經濟困境與社會心理壓力等方面，而貧窮女性單親面對這些生活困境所採取的短期因應也大致相同，基本上不脫開源與節流二方式。研究者在這些看似同質的困境與因應策略裡，試圖進一步尋找女性單親的獨特性；因此，以貧窮認知、短期策略、長期策略與脫貧想像等面向來分析受訪的九位女性單親貧窮生活因應之特性，並以「先驅知行者」、「因勢調適者」與「悲觀掙扎者」三種因應類型來說明不同特性的女性單親在面對相似的困境時，亦產生相異的認知與想像，進而影響個人所採取之因應策略。最後，依據前述研究發現提出相關實務與政策上之建議。

關鍵字

貧窮 ； 女性單親 ； 因應策略 ； 類型化

並列摘要

Economic hardship is the most perplexed problem for single parent families. Single parent families easily get bogged down in poverty, in particular the lone-mother families. How do the lone-mother families cope with sustained economic problem? How do they identify the difference between cognition and imagination of poverty? The first purpose of this study attempts to analyze the relation and difference among cognition of poverty, imagination of removing from poverty, long-term and short-term strategies for solving poverty within lone-mother families. The second purpose is trying to construct the coping categories of living to offer the suggestions for relevant policy. The researcher collected the data by in-depth interview. There were 9 lone-mother families were interviewed. The results of study as follows:

The lone-mother families are in a dilemma when they are confronted by role conflict between living maker and carer. They are subjected to the predicaments of children upbringing, employment, economy and social morality stress. When the lone-mother families are confronted by these difficulties, there are two strategies to deal with, one is to broaden sources of income and the other is to reduce expenditure. There are similar predicaments and solving strategies within the lone-mother families, but the researcher attempted to find the uniqueness of the lone-mother families. According to the factors of cognition of poverty, imagination of removing from poverty, long-term and short-term strategies for solving poverty, researcher analyzed characteristic of the lone-mother families. The lone-mother families are classed as “pioneer”, “coper” and “ struggler” explained why they adopted different strategies when suffered similarly. Finally, in accordance with above findings, the researcher brings up recommendations in policy development and implementation.

並列關鍵字

poor ； poverty ； female single parents ； single-mother ； coping strategy ； coping category

參考文獻

一、中文部份：

高雄市政府公報 http://www.gazettes.com.tw/

釋衍空（2007）「緣起的生命教育」與「生命定向」增進計畫。

http://www.buddhistdoor.com/deerpark/iss07-lifeEdu.html

中華民國紅心字會（2004）單親家庭服務—實務工作手冊。