臺灣過量教育之比較研究-以2002年與2012年為例

本文旨在探究十年變遷下臺灣過量教育之情形，透過「眾數模式」、「半標準差模式」與「資格模式」篩選出適量教育，並計算出過量教育與不足教育的範圍，並且比較四期三次與六期三次的社會階層組的資料，瞭解相隔十年（2002年-2012年）的兩次調查之中過量教育的情形。量測這三個模式定義下的過量教育與性別、經驗工作經驗、與現職地位對薪資的影響。研究方法採用次級資料分析法，樣本以行政院國家科學委員會人文社會處所收錄的「台灣社會變遷基本調查資料庫」為資料來源，採用四期三次的社會階層組與六期三次的社會階層組的資料，分別共得有效樣本數為64545個與 771個。統計方法採用敘述統計、多元迴歸。研究結果為： 1.半標準差、眾數、資格模式，男性工作者薪資比起女性工作者具有優勢； 2.半標準差、眾數、資格模式，工作者受教年數越多，越能使其薪資增加； 3.半標準差、眾數、資格模式下，工作者工作經驗對薪資的影響更重； 4.眾數、資格模式下，過量教育對於薪資負面影響； 5.四期三次與六期三次對薪資之預測，顯示在半標準差、眾數、資格模式定義下，自變項在兩期之間對於薪資的影響日趨增加。

關鍵字

人力資本理論；教育與職業不相稱；過量教育；半標準差模式；眾數模式；資格模式

並列摘要

The present study using the Taiwan Social Change Survey published in 2002 and 2012 explores the factors of overeducation in Taiwan, the influence of overeducation, gender, working experience to workers’ salary, and its changes between two investigations. The method of sduty included Secondary Data Analysis. The two groups of samples in this study were 645 and 771 respectively. The outcome is analyzed by descriptive stastics and multiple regression analysis. The results were as the following: 1. Through the definitions of Half-Standard deviation model, mode model, and qualification model, male workers had been more advantaged than female workers. 2. Through the definitions of Half-Standard deviation model, mode model, and qualification model, the more educational years the workers invest, the more their salary gain. 3. Through the definitions of Half-Standard deviation model, mode model, and qualification model, workers with more working experience are paid more than who have less working experinces. 4. Through the definitions of mode model and qualification model, overeducation has negative influences to workers’ salary. 5. The conclusion of this research indicated that demographic variables including gender, educational years, working experience influence workers’ overeducation in Taiwan during the two waves of the Taiwan Social Change Survey.