張夢機古典詩類型書寫研究

本文以張夢機詩及其詩學為研究對象，討論張夢機身處的時代、生平與著作、暨酬贈詩的詩學意義、文化故國書寫的身分認同意義、閒適書寫的生活美趣意義、疾病書寫的生命存在意義等。透過詩集文本逐一檢視，張夢機作品的書寫類型，並依其詩作分類作分析。張夢機詩有兩千餘首，酬贈詩所佔比率近乎一半。酬贈詩的詩學意義擬以張夢機的「酬贈詩」為對象，試以「中國詩用學」為理論基礎，進行意義的詮釋，藉以釐清張夢機此類詩作，或有些看似相濡以沫的生活酬酢，但其實是一「相忘江湖」的生命交會，在「純粹審美」之外，另有「社會文化功能性」的詮釋視域。「文化故國書寫」類型，以文化意涵的層面居多，在文化認同的意義上，遠超乎政治傾向的國家意識。這種文化認同的故國，是超越時空、超越政治黨派，可以說，是詩人心中對故國山川、人民土地、文化價值的認同，也是人民與土地不可分離的深層歸屬。閒適書寫，約可從1991年病後作一劃分，以前後兩期來觀察。前期的閒適詩，可以用「形似神具，悠然自得」來說明，這一時期所寫的閒適書寫，是生活心境兩閒適。後期所寫，雖然詩中常有閒適或類似詞語的句子出現，但此已非前期心境，此時的張夢機，正處人生最成熟的盛年，驟然罹病而失去了所有，看似閒暇多於忙碌，悠然遠勝倉促，但與前期相反，總有著悠悠難熬，自我解嘲的無奈。故此期的閒適書寫，差可用「形似神非，淡然自嘲的理趣」來形容。「疾病書寫」的生命存在意義，以張夢機《藥樓詩稿》為主要觀察，探討其疾病書寫的特殊意義。本文試從兩方面進行分析，以時間、空間做為軸線，活動為其座標，圖繪出張夢機疾病書寫中心路歷程與詩藝的轉換。張夢機從第一本詩集《西鄉詩稿》到最後一本詩作《藥樓近詩》所含蓋的詩間，將半世紀，各體詩題的寫作，同類詩題或者不同類詩作，都可以看到演變的跡軌。

關鍵字

張夢機；類型書寫；文化故國；詩用學

並列摘要

In this paper, Zhang Meng machine Poetry and Poetics for the study, discussed at the age Zhang Meng body, the life and writings, cum reward Zengshi poetics significance, cultural significance of national identity motherland writing, quiet beauty of the writing life interesting sense, disease Writing the significance of the existence of life. Through poetry text one by one view, Zhang Meng type writing machine works and classified according to their poems for analysis. Zhang Meng machine poetry more than the first two, almost half pay Zengshi percentage. Poetic Meaning of pay Zengshi Zhang Meng machines intended to "pay Zengshi" object, try to "learn Chinese Poetry" theoretical basis for a meaningful interpretation, in order to clarify Zhang Meng machines such poems, or some seemingly profound feelings of life entertainment, but in fact is a "forget themselves in rivers and lakes," the intersection of life, beyond the "purely aesthetic", while "the social and cultural functional" interpretation sight. "Cultural homeland write" type, meaning the cultural level of the majority, on the significance of cultural identity, national consciousness far beyond political leanings. This cultural identity of the native country, is beyond time and space, beyond political parties, it can be said that the hearts of the poet homeland mountains, the people of the land, identity and cultural value, but also the people and the land can not be separated from the deep home. Quiet writing, from about 1991, made after a disease division, previously observed after two. Early Poetry of leisure, you can use "like God with a leisurely" to illustrate this period written leisure writing, life is two quiet mood. Written by the late, although often quiet poem or words of similar sentences appear, but this is a non-pre mood, Zhang Meng at this time machine, we are at the prime of life is the most mature, diseased suddenly lost all, it seems more than busy leisure , far better than leisurely hasty, but contrary to the early stage of a lengthy always have tough, self-mockery frustration. Writing therefore quiet period, the difference between the available "non-like God, self-deprecating Li Qu indifferent" to describe. The presence of "disease of writing" the meaning of life, to Zhang Meng machine "medicine floor Poems" as the main observation of special significance to explore writing their disease. This paper analyzed in two ways, with time and space as an axis, coordinate their activities, Zhang Meng machine plotted against disease Writing Poetry Art Center Road Course and conversion. Zhang Meng machine from the first book of poems "Poems Xixiang" to the last one poem between "medicine floor near poem" poem that covers the half century, writing the title of each Poem, Poems of similar or different types of poems are You can see the evolution of the rail track.