少子化對國民小學辦學困境與因應策略之研究—以南投縣一所國小為例

本研究主要是在探究南投縣一所國民小學，因為受到少子化的較大衝擊，其真實的辦學困境與具體之因應策略。本研究是以質性研究的個案研究為研究方法，選取南投縣一所公立國民小學作為個案，以開放的半結構深度訪談（in-depth interview）與文件分析法為主要研究方法，透過三角檢證加以驗證資料的真實性，研究對象為個案學校的教育人員（校長、主任、組長、教師）及2位家長。研究結論如下：一、面臨少子化衝擊的辦學困境：（一）在「教育資源」上所面臨的困境：學校面臨裁併校壓力、行政人力不足與難聘，行政業務負擔加重及行政運作難度增加等。（二）在「教育品質」上所面臨的困境：家長及社區無法認同、不利群性教學及校內外比賽、課程缺乏特色及創新等。（三）在「公共關係」上所面臨的困境：與社區及親師生的互動較缺乏及缺少學校行銷。二、辦學困境的因應策略：（一）在「教育資源」困境上的因應策略：爭取校外資源、成立幼兒園及成立校友基金會等。（二）在「教育品質」困境上的因應策略：建立新的學校願景、創新的學校特色等。（三）在「公共關係」困境上的因應策略：與家長、社區、議員、媒體及社會團體建立良好的公共關係。根據研究結論，提出建議供學校及教育主管機關參考。

關鍵字

少子化；學校經營；國民小學

並列摘要

The study is to investigate the actual predicaments in running school and the concrete coping strategies at one of elementary schools in Nantou County due to the impact of declining birth rate. Case study used in qualitative research is adopted as the research method. One public elementary school in Nantou County is selected as the subject for case study, with the usage of open semi-structured in-depth interview and documentary research as the main research methods to verify data authenticity through triangulation. The research objects are the educational personnel (principal, director, a section chief, and a teacher) at the school selected for case study and two student parents. The research outcome is as below: 1. Predicaments in running school under the impact of declining birth rate: 1.1 Predicaments in “resources of education”: The school faces the pressure of reduction and mergence, insufficient and difficulty in employing administrative manpower, heavier workload in administrative work, and increased difficulty in administrative operation. 1.2 Predicaments in “quality of education”: It is not recognized by parents and communities, unfavorable to group teaching and competition inside and outside the school, lack of course features and innovation. 1.3 Predicaments in “public relation”: Insufficient interaction with communities and between parents and teachers as well as marketing strategies for school. 2. Coping strategies for the predicaments in running school: 2.1 Coping strategies for the predicaments in “resource of education”: Strive for external resources, establish pre-school, and set up alumni foundation. 2.2 Coping strategies for the predicaments in “quality of education”: Establish new school vision and innovative school features. 2.3 Coping strategies for the predicaments in “public relation”: Establish good public relation with parents, communities, members of city/ county council, media, and social groups.。　　Suggestions are proposed according to the research outcomes as the reference for public schools and authority of education.