共產國際與胡志明早期革命志業間關係演變之研究

Comintern And Ho Chi Minh: An Inquiry Into the Evolution Of Its Relationship To Ho’s Early Revolutionary Vocation Relationship To Ho’s Revolutionary Vocation.

邱志仁(Tsie-Reng Chiu)

指導教授 ： 孫善豪

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/東南亞研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本文旨在探究在蘇聯共產黨指令下，以其利益為出發而作為輸出世界革命中心的共產國際，其與胡志明早期革命志業間的關係。嘗試釐清共產國際在其自一九一九年到一九四三年的存續期間，對胡的確有全時、全面性的正面影響；抑或根據更詳細資料或時近解密檔案顯示，二者關係的發展似乎是利弊參雜。就共產國際而言，其角色、功能甚或存在的理由，都隨著蘇共領導人的更迭而不斷改變。特別是自史大林掌控全權後，其起自於對東方殖民或半殖民地知識不足而導致的誤解錯判；抑是有意性，或因無暇兼顧而致的無意性忽視，史氏對東方共黨所下的指令，特別是在一九二零或三零年代，有時導致近乎致命性的後果。共產國際的指令雖時或有傷害性，對東方的共產黨，特別是胡志明而言，藉著因付出慘痛代價而累積所得的經驗之助，胡終能習得自有利於己的國內、外情勢中，將其作本土化的轉換，從而能彈性地避開不利指令的原本傷害。特別是從一九四零年代之後，史大林因形同全然地歐洲甚至蘇聯為重心所牽絆，對東方共黨無暇給予指令情況下，反而給這些共黨更多決策與行動的自主性。由於具備對內外局勢最精確、前瞻的預測與完善準備妥當的組織與策略，胡與其越共追隨者不但成為無可披敵的政黨，似乎也是唯一能達成眾多越南革命政黨所追尋志業的政黨。這也說明了即使共產國際早於一九四三年宣布解體，但越共仍能在一九四五年八月全國起義中一舉奪權並宣佈越南獨立。

關鍵字

馬列主義，共產國際，蘇聯共產黨，法國共產黨，中國共產黨，

並列摘要

This study intends to investigate the evolution of the relationship between the Comintern and Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc), to see whether the Comintern—acting as a center for the exporting of world revolution against Capitalist, Imperialist states on behalf of and under the command of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU), did have an all timing and all dimensional, totally positive influence on Ho’s revolutionary career during its existing period from 1919 to 1943, or according to sources in detail or recently declassified, the development of their relationship seemed to be mixed with benefit and harm. For the Comintern, whose role, function and even raison d’être evolved with the change in leadership CPSU, especially since Stalin’s fully grip of power, owing to his misunderstanding resulting from the inadequacy of knowledge for the situation in the Eastern colonies and semi-colonies, or negligence- purposely or with no spare time to afford, the directives he gave could lead to disastrous consequences sometimes, as was seen in 1920s and 1930s. Although directives were hazardous sometimes, these Eastern communist parties, particularly Ho, could learn to manage to flexibly avert the damage with a domicile fusion from taking the best advantage of internal and international situation then with the accumulation of experience at some high cost. What is interesting is that, notably since the 1940s, Stalin was totally Europocentric, or Russocentric occupied to give directives that left the communist parties to make decision and action with more autonomy. With a precise, foreseeing prediction of situation and the mostly well prepared organization and strategy, Ho and his followers of ICP became the only party that not only no rivalry could match, it seems, they are the sole one capable of fulfilling the career pursued by these Vietnamese revolutionary parties. That is why ICP could finally seize power and claim the independence for the Vietnamese in the general resurrection in August 1945 even though the Comintern was dissolved in 1943.

並列關鍵字

Marxism-Leninism, Comintern, CPSU, PCF, CCP, ICP, Lenin, Stalin,

參考文獻

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. English:

A. Books

Adereth, M. (1984). The French Communist Party: A Critical History (1920-84)—from Comintern to “the Colours of France”. Manchester : Manchester University Press.

Archer, Jules.(1971). Ho Chi Minh: Legend of Hanoi. New York: Crowell-Collier press.