風險認知差異性與風險溝通困境之研究

隨著工業化而來的風險擴散，以及專家的風險管理之限制廣為人知，學界與公共領域逐漸浮現批判科學系統、工業社會的聲音。為了修正專家獨大的風險管理缺失，「風險溝通」越來越受到重視。希望由專家、公部門與民眾三方協商，共同解決風險問題。國光石化開發案的風險評估一如其他大型開發案，牽涉複雜的風險及廣泛的利害相關人。因此，其環評過程備受公眾關注，不同行為者對其損益問題爭論不休，在風險認知呈現一種難以調和的分歧狀態。面對風險評估的困境，風險溝通提供了一個可能的解決之道。然而，我國環評制度雖有公民參與管道，實踐上卻未能達成風險溝通。不但沒能增進公眾對於風險的理解、緩和衝突，以及納入在地知識以改善風險評估。不透明、低度參與的風險溝通，反而造成公共信任流失、激化衝突，最終使風險問題陷入一個無解的死胡同之中。

關鍵字

風險認知；風險溝通；環境影響評估

並列摘要

Accompanying with risk spread of industrialization process, and the limit of expert risk management is cognized exclusively, critique of science system and modern industrial society is emerged in academia and public sphere. For correcting lack of expert-dictated risk manage, risk communication becomes more and more important. In this way, risk problem could be handled by administration consult with lay person and expert. Risk evaluation of Kuo Kuang petrochemical project is just like other great project, involved complex risk and broad stakeholders. Therefore, public concern environmental impact assessment of Kuo Kuang petrochemical project seriously, different agency dispute the benefit and loss of the project, there is irreconcilable in risk perception. Confront this dilemma, risk communication may provide a way to deal with. Although environmental impact assessment in ROC includes institutional tract of participatory democracy, it is not effective in risk communication. Instead of enhance public understanding in risk problem, mediate the dispute, and input local knowledge for improving risk evaluation. Low transparency and participation of risk communication result in hurting public trust and intensifying conflict. Finally, it lead risk problem to an alley that can not unlash.