臺灣與香港教師組織運作方式之比較

本研究係針對臺灣與香港教師組織的運作方式進行比較，其目的有五：一、瞭解臺港教師組織的創立與發展過程；二、探究臺港教師組織宗旨與自我定位的異同；三、探究臺港教師組織內部運作方式的異同；四、探究臺港教師組織對外運作方式的異同；五、根據研究結果提出建議，以供我國教師組織發展參考。本研究採用文件分析法與半結構訪談法，探究全國教師工會總聯合會（全教總）和香港教育專業人員協會（教協）發展與運作的異同，訪談對象包括3位全教總和5位教協重要幹部，並有以下發現：一、在發展史方面，兩會的成立時間和發展背景雖有不同，但分別是臺灣和香港最大的教師組織，也是完全獨立運作的工會組織，同時兩會的會員數和收取的人頭會費也都相當。二、在宗旨和自我定位方面，兩會都十分相似，但促進民主政制的發展是教協的一大特色。三、在內部運作方面，兩會在外表上看似相同，例如組織架構層級相當，而理監事都是無給職等，然而兩會的不同之處卻更多，包括組織型態、會員性質、服務對象、服務項目、教師入會率、會員資格、會員權利、選舉理事方式、理事長連任次數、決策與執行單位關係，以及運作規模等，都有一定的差異。四、在對外運作方面，雖然兩會所採取的運作策略方式相近，但實質內涵亦有許多差異，例如相較於全教總，教協除了因法令限制而無法運用集體協商外，其結盟對象更廣泛且緊密、所採取的政治行動更積極、爭議行動更激烈、參與決策的層級更高，同時也採用過抵制行動。五、兩會目前所面臨的困境以及幹部對未來發展的看法有所不同。根據以上發現，本研究提供臺灣教師組織建議如下：一、組織必須穩定運作、經驗必須累積傳承；二、廣納各類會員、賦予一定權利；三、開闢財源、購置會所；四、擴大政治參與；五、積極參與社會事務；六、加盟全國性工會團體；七、培養組織的分析和撰述能力；八、領導群必須有遠見、有智慧、能無私為公、能以身作則。另外，亦提供未來相關研究建議如下：一、擴展研究對象以取得更全面的看法；二、可借鏡其他國家教師組織的運作發展經驗。

關鍵字

教師組織；全國教師工會總聯合會；香港教育專業人員協會

並列摘要

This study is to compare the operations of teacher organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and the purposes of this study are: a) to understand the process of establishment and development; b) to compare the purpose and self-positioning; c) to compare the internal operations; d) to compare the external operations of teacher organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and e) to make recommendations for the teacher organizations in Taiwan. In order to achieve the purposes, this study had methodologically adopted document analysis and semi-structured interview with important cadres of NFTU and HKPTU, and finds that: a) In the historical aspect, the year established and the development background are different, but the two unions are both the largest teacher organizations in its area, and are both independent unions. Besides, the number of members and the membership fee are almost equal. b) In the aspect of purpose and self-positioning, the two unions are similar, but advancing the democratic development of society is a particular purpose of HKPTU. c) In the aspect of internal operations, the two unions appeared to be the same, for example, the organizational structures are similar, and the Executive Committee members and the Senate members are all without pay, but the type of organization, member properties, service objects, services, membership rate, membership, the right of member, the election of the Executive Committee members, the times of re-election of President, the relations between decision-making unit and executive departments, and the scale of operations are all different. d) In the aspect of external operations, the two unions are similar, but there are many differences in substantive content. In case of HKPTU, the coalition is more multiple and closer, the political actions are more active, the controversial actions are more intense, and the levels of participation in decision making are higher. e) The difficulties and the visions are different between the two unions. According to the findings above, this study makes some recommendations for teacher organizations in Taiwan: a) organization must be operated stably; experience must be accumulated and delivered; b) recruit wide range of members and comfer some right on them; c) open up financial resources and purchase chambers; d) actively participate in politics; e) actively participate in social affairs; f) affiliate with national unions; g) build capacity of analysis and compilation; h) the leaders must be foresighted, wise, selfless, and set a good example.