台灣與美國特殊教育教師素質管理制度之比較研究

本研究旨在瞭解社會各界對教師素質提升需求下，台灣與美國在特殊教育教師素質的管理制度，並進行比較與分析，進而做出結論，提供我國在特殊教育教師素質管理方面的建議。本研究主要探討部分有師資職前培育制度變革、師資之資格與任用、素質管理策略現況與難題、提升特殊教育師資品質之措施。本研究發現如下：一、兩國之師資職前培育制度轉變皆相似，差別在於時間點不同；二、美國師資職前培育課程內容受到「國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統」（The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, ICF）的影響，已經產生變革；三、台灣師資資格一旦取得即永久有效，美國師資資格必須在規定期限內檢覈換證，否則喪失資格；四、兩國雖然在教育市場對教師需求情況相差很大，但對於提高教師素質的目標是一致的；五、美國已經全面性的進行初任教師的導入計畫值得台灣學習；六、教師進階換證制度優於台灣。

關鍵字

特殊教育；特殊教育教師；教師素質管理

並列摘要

The research mainly aims to probe the management system about the special education teachers’ quality in Taiwan and U.S.A., compare the similarity and difference of special education teachers’ quality management policy between Taiwan and U.S.A., and finally afford some suggestions for the implementation of special education teachers’ quality management system in Taiwan. The thesis includes 4 sections. There are transforming of teacher education system, the qualification and employment of teachers, the tactic and difficult of quality management and the measures to promote special education terachers’ quality. There are six major discovers in the research. One is the transforming model of teacher education system are similar between Taiwan and U.S.A., but the difference at time scale. Second is the curriculum of special education teachers’ cultivating had transformed because of the The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Third is the teacher’s qualification is valid forever in Taiwan, but it must be examine for exchanging in U.S.A.. Forth is the aim to promote the teacher’s quality is the same. Fifth is the initial teachers induction plan had put into practice totally in U.S.A., it is must for Taiwan. Sixth is the exchanging certification system is better than Taiwan.