以復原力觀點看寄養兒少的寄養家庭生命經驗

本研究旨在了解寄養兒少居住在寄養家庭的生活經驗，並以復原力的觀點探討在寄養過程中，兒少被促發的保護因子或被減低的及風險因子。本研究採質性研究，運用深度訪談蒐集作為資料，並以立意取樣選擇了五位8~12歲的寄養兒童進行訪談。本研究的結果除了分別呈現受訪兒童他們的寄養生活經驗、學校生活、自我信念及對機構的期待外，亦分析所有訪談資料，歸納出下列之發現：一、五位研究參與者共同經歷的原生家庭逆境包含：貧窮、雙親離異、家庭失和、家庭成員關係紊亂、父母酗酒等狀態。二、兒少在寄養家庭培育的保護因子包括：臉上有笑容、身上乾淨清潔、身高及體重穩定成長、在寄養家庭習得自我管理、在寄養家庭心理上被關注、溝通能力提升、成績進步、人際關係良好、解決問題的意願及能力提升；在此同時，風險因子亦有降低（如：負向行為減少）。三、由上述可見，在友善的環境（寄養家庭）中成長，有利於兒少提升保護因子、降低風險因子，並得以從負面衝擊事件（即逆境）中恢復。研究者依據上述研究發現提出結論與建議，期待做為後續相關實務工作者與未來學術研究之參考，特別是未來對寄養家庭的培育可加入「復原力」觀點，以協助寄養童提升保護因子、降低風險因子。

關鍵字

寄養家庭；寄養兒少；復原力

並列摘要

This study aims to understand the life experiences of foster children living in foster homes and explore the protective factors or the reduced risk factors that are rarely promoted during foster care, from the perspective of resilience. In this study, the qualitative research was conducted by using in-depth interviews as data, and five foster children, aged 8-12 years, were selected as sample interviewees. The results of this study, not only display the children’s foster life experience, school life, self-confidence and expectations of the organization, but also analyzed all interviews and summarized the following findings. 1. The original family adversity commonly experienced by the five research participants includes poverty, divorced parents, family disharmony, family member disorder, parental alcoholism, etc. 2. The protective factors for fostering a foster family include a smile on the face, a clean and clean body, a steady growth in height and weight, self-management acquired from foster families, psychological attention from foster families, improved communication skills, improved academic performance and interpersonal relationships, willingness and increased ability to solve problems; at the same time, risk factors are also reduced (e.g. negative behavior is reduced). 3. It can be seen from the mentioned-above that, for foster children, growing up in a friendly environment (foster home) is beneficial to raising protection factors, reducing risk factors, and recovering from negative shock events (i.e. adversity). Based on the above findings, the researchers have come up with conclusions and recommendations, and look forward to serving as a reference to relevant follow-up practitioners and future academic research. In particular, the future fostering of foster families can incorporate a “resilience” perspective to help foster children raise protection factors and reduce risk factors.