中文科幻的類型翻譯：以《網路術士》為例

Translating Neuromancer: A Genre Approach

莫朗庭(Long-Ting Mok)

指導教授 ： 魏伯特

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu202300029

摘要

威廉·吉布森之著作《網路術士》（另譯：《神經喚術士》）為英語科幻小說中的經典作品，書中之題材及風格更奠基了科幻小說下其中一個支派——賽博龐克。由於現代社會的科技發展日新月異，人們發現賽博龐克作品的部分情節正在現實中重現，甚至擔心這些作品是對未來的預言，令賽博龐克相隔多年後再次掀起話題，賽博龐克的新作品亦相繼出現。作為此派別的代表之作，《網路術士》毫無疑問會因為這股熱潮而再次受到關注。然而，賽博龐克乃源於西方的概念，加上吉布森的寫作風格獨特，若然譯者只按照字面上的意思直接翻譯，譯文就會失去原文的味道，讀者又會覺得文字突兀不自然，這亦是不少讀者對以往中譯版本的主要評價。為嘗試解決以上問題，本論文將探討如何在翻譯過程中參考中文科幻作家的作品，將中文科幻小說的常見手法套用在譯文中，讓讀者感覺正在閱讀一本中文科幻小說，而非英文科幻小說的中譯版本。
本論文主要分為四章。第一章介紹論文的目的。第二章將會探討中文科幻小說的背景、翻譯《網路術士》時值得參考的作家及市面上各個中譯版本，此外本章還會介紹威廉·吉布森及賽博龐克的風格。第三章將配合書中引文探討翻譯本作品時需要注意的三個主題——敘述與設定、對白與語域、術語與新詞，並引用現有中譯版本與本論文之翻譯作比較。最後，第四章為本論文之總結。

關鍵字

科幻 ； 賽博龐克 ； 神經喚術士 ； 威廉吉布森 ； 類型 ； 翻譯

並列摘要

William Gibson’s novel Neuromancer is a classic of science fiction. It also helped establish a literary sub-genre: cyberpunk. As society moves closer to the dystopian setting of cyberpunk fiction, cyberpunk has become a powerful trend in modern culture. Because of its seminal role in this trend, Neuromancer continues to attract readers, both in the West and in Chinese speaking areas. At the same time, it also remains a challenging book to translate into Chinese. Cyberpunk is an unfamiliar genre in Chinese science fiction, and Gibson writes in a unique, difficult style. Because of this, readers of Chinese translations of Neuromancer have often found them hard to read and understand.
This thesis examines issues in these translations, and proposes a genre based solution, incorporating the themes, style and conventions of Chinese science fiction into the translation of Neuromancer, as a way to overcome these difficulties and produce a translation that is more accessible to readers of Chinese science fiction.
The first chapter of the thesis explains its approach and goals. The second chapter covers the state of Chinese science fiction, focusing on three Chinese authors whose works are relevant to the themes and plot of Neuromancer. It then introduces Gibson and the cyberpunk genre, and concludes with a survey of previous Chinese translations of Neuromancer. The third chapter discusses three issues relevant to genre translation: narrative and setting, dialogues and register, terminology and neologisms, with relevant examples from the book. The fourth chapter offers conclusions on genre based translation methods.

並列關鍵字

Science fiction ； cyberpunk ； Neuromancer ； William Gibson ； genre ； translation

參考文獻

1. English Source

Bethke, Bruce. “Cyberpunk.” Amazing Science Fiction Stories 57:4 (1983): 94-105, http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/stories/cpunk.htm. Accessed 31 Aug. 2022.

Butler, Andrew M. "Postmodernism and science fiction." The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, edited by Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, New York: Cambridge UP, 2003, 137-148.

Chen, Wei-Shen. Strategies of Translating Neologisms in Science Fiction: A Case Study on Two Translations of Neuromancer. 2022. National Changhua University of Education, MA thesis.

Clute, John. "Science fiction from 1980 to the present." The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, edited by Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, New York: Cambridge UP, 2003, 64-78.