南投地區高齡者老化態度與社會參與相關之研究

本研究旨在探討南投地區高齡者的老化態度與社會參與的關係，目的在於瞭解南投地區高齡者的老化態度與社會參與的現況、各背景變項之差異分析、老化態度與社會參與之關聯以及老化態度對社會參與之預測力。本研究採取自編的「老化態度量表量表和社會參與量表」，針對南投地區的高齡者從事問卷調查，總計共發出500份正式問卷，回收有效問卷429份，以統計套裝軟體SPSS 18進行平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異分析、積差相關與逐步回歸分析等統計分析，獲得如下結論：一、高齡者老化態度之「老化感受」及「老化適應」表現良好，在「老化認知」層面稍弱。二、高齡者社會參與之「學習活動」表現良好，其次為「宗教活動」、「休閒娛樂活動」。三、高齡者老化態度以「55-59歲」、大專(含)以上、健康很好(無慢性病）與配偶同住者、過去一年內平均每周參與活動在「15小時以上」者表現較好。四、高齡者社會參與以「55-59歲」、「60-64歲」組、「65-74歲」組、大專 (含)以上、健康很好(無慢性病）、與配偶同住者、過去一年內平均每周參與活動在「15小時以上」者表現較好。。五、高齡者老化態度與社會參與有顯著正相關，以「老化感受與老化適應」相關最高。六、高齡者老化態度能有效預測社會參與，其中以「老化適應」對整體社會參與之預測力最佳。老化態度之「老化適應」對社會參與之「休閒娛樂活動」，「學習活動」最具預測力。本研究依據研究結果，分別對衛生福利部主管機關、高齡者教育主管機關、高齡者及未來研究者等四方面，提出多項建議。

關鍵字

高齡者；老化態度；社會參與

並列摘要

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investiage the relationship between attitudes toward aging and social participation of the elderly in Nantou Area.The analysis of differences in background variables, and the relationship between aging attitudes toward aging and social participation. Aging attitudes toward aging predict the ability to participate in society. The research uses self-designed〝the attitudes toward aging scale〞，and〝 the social participation scale for the elderly〞for investigation to the eldery in Natou Area. There are 500 questionnaires issued and 429 valid ones received. The SPSS 18.0 Version was used for analyses of mean, standard deviation, t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and step-wise regression. This research proposes the conclusions as the following. 1. The elder aging attitudes of〝 Aging experience〞、〝Aging adaptation 〞performed well but weak in〞Aging recognition﹒ ﹒ 2. The "learning activities" of elderly people's social participation performed well. Second was "religious activities" and "leisure recreation activities." 3. Compliance is "55-59 years old", college or higher, good health (no chronic disease) older people who live with their spouse and who participated in activities more than 15 hours a week on average in the past year have a better attitude towards aging. 4. Those who are under the age of 75, college or above, have good health (no chronic disease), live with a spouse, and have an average weekly activity of more than 15 hours in the past year, have a better performance in social participation. 5. There is a significant positive correlation between the aging attitude of the elderly and social participation, with the highest correlation between “ageing experience and aging adaptation”. 6. The aging attitude of the elderly can effectively predict their social participation. "Aging adaptation" of aging attitudes has best forecast capability to overall social participation. Aging attitude of "aging adaptation" to social participation’s〝leisure activities〞 and〝 learning activities〞are the most predictive. Based on the result of this study, recommendations for the following four areas are proposed: Ministry of Health and Welfare，Ministry of Education，Elderly people ,and future researchers.