台中市高齡者社會參與對成功老化影響之研究

本研究旨在探討台中市65歲以上之高齡者，參加不同類型社會參與活動，包括學習參與、休閒參與、社團參與及志願服務等社會活動過程中，是否會因無差異而影響成功老化；而參與社會活動類型愈多者，對成功老化是否有顯著差異或影響。本研究以立意抽樣方式對400位曾參加志願服務、社團參與、學習參與、休閒參與及宗教參與等團體活動之台中市65歲以上高齡者，於2019年3月至5月三個月內進行問卷調查，扣除填答不完全之無效問卷，回收有效問卷352份（男性92人、女性260人），有效回收率達88%。所得資料經由描述性統計、信度分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法進行研究分析。研究結果發現:（一）受試者以女性、70-80歲、教育程度以國小、中、平均月收入10,000元以下之家管居多。（二）性別、年齡、平均月收入對高齡者之社會參與皆達顯著差異。（三）性別、年齡、平均月收入對高齡者在成功老化上皆達顯著差異。（四）社會參與顯著正向影響成功老化。最後根據研究結果，提供建議給相關單位和後續研究者做為經營之參考。

關鍵字

高齡者；社會參與；成功老化

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is aimed to realize the social participating how to effect successful aging for seniors whose age above sixty-five years in Taichung. These social activities are such as learning, leisure activities, club attending and volunteering. And attend more social activities whether have obvious differential effect to successful aging. This research focused on the seniors whose age over 65-year-old in Taichung. And questionnaire 400 seniors who had ever partook group activities like volunteering, club attending, learning, leisure and religious were invited filling out a questionnaire using by purposive sampling. Deducted answer incompletely. Finally, the effective questionnaires are 352 and retrieved (92 male, 260 female). The effective rate was 88%. These data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample test, analysis of variance, multiple stepwise regression, etc. Conclusion of this research: First. 70 to 80-year-old female who is homemaker with primary or junior high school education and average monthly salary under $10,000 in subject are in the majority. Second. Gender, age and average monthly salary have evident differences to social participation of elderly. Third. Gender, age and average monthly salary also appear obvious discrepancy to elderly successful aging. Forth. Social participation positive affects successful aging clearly. According to the final results, it will provide some suggestions for related units and follow-up researchers on operating reference.