人口高齡化為世界各國發展之趨勢。隨著目前社會的進步與發展,高齡者開始要求自我成長,如何讓高齡者在後半段生涯中可以享有愉快而健康的高齡生涯,實有助於社會整體發展,因此教育或學習對高齡者而言亦是重要且積極之課題。本研究目的在於了解高齡者本身對於參與於學習之動機與老化所持有之看法,是否影響高齡者對於學習活動之參與行為意圖,並進一步分析高齡者參與行為意圖與實際參與行為間之關聯性。 本研究之研究對象以高齡者為主,採取問卷調查法取得研究樣本,將問卷分成五大部份(分別為基本資料、參與學習動機、高齡者老化態度、參與行為意圖及參與行為)進行分析,回收之有效問卷為422份,有效回收率達77%。 經由變異數分析及路徑分析發現研究結果如下:高齡者之不同人口統計特質在參與行為意圖與老化態度存在顯著差異性;本研究將高齡者參與學習動機分成認知興趣、社會接觸、社會激勵、家庭凝聚、專業提昇等五大構面進行探討,發現高齡者不同性別、年齡及教育程度在認知興趣、社會接觸二構面下有顯著差異性;再者,高齡者退休與否對高齡者提昇本身專業能力或技能而產生學習之動機亦存在顯著差異;高齡者本身參與學習動機愈強烈,其愈有行為意圖參與於學習活動;高齡者本身對於老化態度抱持愈正面之評價,其參與學習之行為意圖愈高;當高齡者擁有高參與行為意圖時,其實際參與行為也愈多。
Third-age education is growing worldwide due to a number of major trends, notably population aging. In order to enhance quality of life and adjust social development as people age, learning can be the process of optimizing opportunities for health, happy and participation. For this reason, this study tends to understand about whether the attitudes toward aging and motivation to participate in learning of elders have significant influence on participation intention and the relationships between the participation intention and participation behavior. Objectives of this study focus on the elders above 55 years old and use questionnaire measurement. The questionnaires include five parts (personal profile, attitudes toward aging, participant motivation, participation intention and behavior). There are 422 counts of valid survey were collected. After ANOVA and path analysis, we found that different demographic traits have significant influence on the attitudes toward aging and participation intention. In addition, participant motivation contains five factors: Social contact, Professional advancement, Family togetherness, Social stimulation and Cognitive interest. Obviously, different demographic traits like sex, ages, and degree of education have significant influence on Cognitive interest and Social contact. The situation of retirement has significant influence on Professional advancement. Finally, we found the elders have more intention to participate in learning if they had more positive attitudes toward aging and more participant motivation. Furthermore, if the elders had more participation intention, then they will be more likely to have participation behavior.