老化概念(Ⅱ)　行為科學之老化理論與老化理論研究趨勢

Ageing Theories (Ⅱ): The Behavioral-Social Science Perspective and the Research Trends

李宗派(Isaiah C. Lee)

《臺灣老人保健學刊》 3卷2期 (2007/12) Pp. 25-61

https://doi.org/10.29797/TJGHR.200712.0002

摘要

本文之目的係要探討現代之老化概念、老化理論與老化之研究發展趨勢，提供老人學界與老人保健學界如何應用科技理論於實際之老人保健服務與老人照顧課題。老化概念為一種繼續性、普遍性、進行性、本質性與衰退性之過程。老化理論將包括生物科學與行為及社會科學之理論學說。生物科學之老化理論於上篇文章中已經提及，本文將以介紹行為及社會科學的老化理論為主。行為與社會科學之老化理論包括了老人學之成功老化、社會學之現代化、撤退、活動、繼續理論、社會科學之生命歷程、心理學之老化理論、老化心智論、選擇補償論、社會心理學之老化理論與人類學之老化理論計有十一大類，橫跨社會與行為科學之領域。本文探討老化理論之研究發展趨勢，特別指出行為與社會科學之研究發展趨勢集中在三大要點：成功老化、生命歷程與跨文化之研究。結論中，強調老化研究之重要性與應用性。要喚醒更多之老人學專家學者投入老化之研究並將老化理論應用於解決實際之老化問題。並鼓勵醫療科技專家學者，不論是醫師、護士、社工師、老人保健師、營養師、家庭教育師與作業治療師等人都要參與跨科系、跨文化之老化研究與推廣服務。最後建議大學研究院與公私立老人福利機構或社團應多多栽培老化研究與服務人才以應時代之需要。

關鍵字

老化 ； 老化理論 ； 老人學 ； 老人醫學 ； 行為理論

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basic concepts and various theories of aging and its research trends in order to promote the application of theories into practice for the fields of health care, social services, elderly care, and geriatric services. The Behavioral-Social Science theories of aging discuss the successful aging, modernization, disengagement, activity, social continuity theories, the life-course, psychological theories, aging mind, selective optimization with compensation, social-psychological theories of aging and cultural-anthropological theories of aging. The last part of this paper discusses the research and development trends of aging theories. It places emphasis upon the linkage between biological theories and its application to geriatric services and elderly care. The development trends of behavioral and social sciences have focused upon the theories of successful aging, life course, and cross-cultural study. The paper has finally pointed out the importance of aging study and its implication on the national policies of elderly care, social welfare, health care, and gerontology and geriatric education in the university and professional associations.

並列關鍵字

Aging ； aging theories ； gerontology ； successful aging ； cross-cultural theories ； life course theories ； Behavioral-Social Science theories ； statistical-random error theories