丹大地區布農族狩獵現況之調查研究

Hunting status of Bunun hunters at Danda

林玉珮(Yu-Pei Lin)

指導教授 ： 王穎

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究利用參與觀察法和深度訪談法配合量表問卷，並輔以在地當地居民協助收集當地狩獵資料，以了解現今南投丹大地區布農族獵人的獵具使用狀況、狩獵野生動物數量，以及不同世代間狩獵現況之比較。丹大地區野生動物資源豐富，相關單位亦對原住民的狩獵活動進行規劃中。而獵人對獵具使用態度及對獵物偏好皆對野生動物資源造成直接的影響。
本研究以鄰近南投丹大地區的地利、人和、雙龍、潭南四村近五年仍有狩獵活動的布農族獵人為對象。2004-2007年間共計訪問169人（263次）、參與觀察狩獵活動12趟（39人）。研究結果顯示當地獵人目前使用了槍獵、陷獵與犬獵等方式狩獵。所有獵人目前皆使用獵槍狩獵，僅32％使用陷阱狩獵。偏好使用獵槍最多人表示的原因為使用時不受時間限制。而丹大獵人目前使用的獵槍種類最多為傳統獵槍（98％），其次為喜得釘獵槍（45％）。在2006年9月-2007年3月中，槍獵獵獲1088隻動物，其中以飛鼠最多（72％）；陷獵獵獲66隻動物，以山羌最高（41％）；而犬獵獵獲42隻，以山豬最多（57％）。槍獵時大多獵人無選擇獵物，看到動物即開槍射擊，而目擊動物卻不射擊最大原因為負重限制，受傳統風俗禁忌影響較小，且對數量稀少或減少之動物仍射擊。實際觀察槍獵中，獵人目擊動物有58％可射擊，而選擇可射擊中85％射擊，射擊命中率為70％，擊中後有73％獵獲。青年獵人目前使用喜得釘獵槍比例顯著高於中老年獵人（p＜0.001），因使用此種槍枝不需製作火藥，然現今僅30％青年獵人會製做火藥，未來青年使用此槍趨勢應再增加。但喜得釘獵槍殺傷力低，射擊動物後造成動物受傷逃跑導致浪費，值得進一步關切。青年獵人辨識物種能力、射擊命中率顯著較中老年獵人差，而負重能力亦較差，但當負重達到極限仍對飛鼠繼續射擊。青年獵人偏好狩獵物種前三名為飛鼠、山羌、野兔，皆在部落附近活動之物種，未來應監測此區飛鼠的狩獵壓力。

關鍵字

丹大地區 ； 布農族 ； 狩獵 ； 獵槍 ； 野生動物 ； 深度訪談 ； 參與觀察法

並列摘要

In order to investigate the hunting status, usage of hunting tools, hunting yields, and difference of hunting status between generations, this study applied participation observations, depth interviews, questionnaires, and hunting information collected by indigenous people. Danda area is abundant in wildlife and natural resources, therefore, Forestry bureau is now planning the hunting activities by the indigenous people because hunters’ attitudes towards the usage of tools and their preferences for animals have direct impacts on wildlife resources.
The subjects of this study were hunters in Dili, JenHo, ShuangLong and TanNan, and were active in hunting in the past 5 years. From 2004 to 2007, I interviewed 169 hunters（263 times）and observed 12 hunting trips（39 hunters）. They used 3 hunting methods including shotguns, snares, and hunting dogs. All hunters used shotguns and 32% of the hunters used snares. They used different kinds of shotguns including traditional home-made rifles（98%）,and the powder of trim refit the HILTI shotgun (45%). From September 2006 to March 2007, a total of 1088 animals were hunted by using shotguns, and flying squirrels were the most (72%). 66 animals were snared, and muntjacs were the most（41%）. 42 animals were hunted by dog chasing, and wild boars were the most（57%）. Most hunters shot the animals at sight regardless of species. The reason prohibiting their shooting was the capacity limits of backpack. Tradition and taboos had smaller effects on their motives, and they still shot rare animals. In participation observations, 58% of the animals could be shot when seen by hunters. They shot 85% of the animals chosen, and the shooting average was 70%. 73% of the shot animals were obtained.There were significantly more HILTI shotgun users among young hunters than in old and middle-aged hunters (p<0.001.) Because hunters could use the HILTI shotguns without making gunpowder. Only 30% of the young hunters had the skill of gunpowder making, therefore, there would be an increase of young hunters using HILTI in the future.However the lethality of HILTI shotguns was low, animals could easily escape when shot by HILTI and that would lower hunting yields and increase death rates of animals. Young hunters’ hunting abilities, which include species identification in the dark, shooting average, and carrying heavy backpacks, were worse than old and middle-aged hunters. However, young hunters still shot animals regardless of the limits of their backpack sizes. The preferences of young hunters for animals were flying squirrels, muntjacs, and rabbits. All these animals were active around the village, and the hunting pressure of this area should be monitored in the future.

並列關鍵字

Danda ； Bunun ； hunting ； shotgun ； wildlife ； depth interview ； participant observation

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