近代臺灣原住民圖像中的槍－兼論槍枝的傳入、流通與使用

The Aborigines with Modern Gun: An Historical Study of the Introduction, Exchange and Use of Gun in Taiwan Aboriginal Society

陳宗仁(Tsung-Jen Chen)

《臺大歷史學報》 36期 (2005/12) Pp. 53-106

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2005.36.03

摘要

本文試圖從歷史脈絡來討論臺灣原住民物質文化中的槍枝。首先，本文運用歷史圖像與文獻中有關原住民槍枝的記載，藉以瞭解近代原住民拿著什麼樣的槍枝，以及這些槍枝種類反映出什麼訊息；其次是探討這些槍枝流入原住民部落的歷史背景；最後討論槍枝在原住民戰鬥行為、儀式文化中的角色。
本文指出，臺灣原住民使用的槍枝種類繁雜，新舊共存，各種槍枝系統並用。這是因近代西方國家武器擴散，導致東亞各地域在十九世紀下半葉出現槍枝混雜與快速演變的現象。
臺灣原住民社會處於此一世界性槍枝流通網絡的末端。這些槍枝不是直接來自西方國家或商人，而是經由臺灣島內客家人、福佬人及漢化的原住民中介轉販。這是持續了兩百年以上的臺灣本島槍枝生產、修理、彈藥補給的流通網絡。而原住民社會使用的槍枝種類，往往是賣方（番割、通事及洋行）商業販賣的結果，而不是原住民主動的選擇。
本文想指出的是，原住民雖是被動的接受槍枝，但是對搶枝的使用，有其主體性的思維與選擇。原住民對槍枝的使用，受部落社會原先的狩獵與出草文化影響，似乎沒有導致部落政經結構的改變。

關鍵字

臺灣史 ； 武器交易 ； 原住民戰士 ； 槍枝 ； 火繩槍

並列摘要

There deposits in the National Central Library of Taiwan an old picture which presented a Taiwan aboriginal warrior wearing traditional costume and adornments, but holding a modern gun in his hand like a European soldier. How did the warrior get a gun? How did he use it? This paper intends to collect and analyze such historical images and discuss the meaning of the aboriginal gun in its historical contexts.
It examines three topics, the first describing the descriptions and images of Taiwan aborigines with the modem gun based on official documents, records, personal pictorial works, etc. the second exploring the introduction and exchange of guns in aboriginal society from the seventeenth century to the early twentieth century; and the third discussing the role of gun in combat and ceremony in Taiwan aboriginal culture.
This paper describes the sorts of gun that the aboriginal warrior possessed as including matchlock, flintlock, caplock, Mauser bolt type, and magazine rifle. The exchange network of modem guns was not a new one. Chinese traders had long sold guns, gunpowder and other commodities to the tribesmen.
The use of gun in Taiwan aboriginal community had been obviously affected by its traditional hunting culture and did not, it seems, change the structure of the aboriginal economic and social life.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese History ； firearms trade ； aboriginal warrior ； gun ； matchlock

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