歷史類數位典藏資料庫內容之檢視

The examination on digital archives of history

林佳蓉(Chia-Rong Lin)

指導教授 ： 謝建成

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

歷史學研究除了是一門重要的人文學科外，對於一個國家或地區的文化傳承與集體知識的建構亦甚重要，故常被列為義務教育中的必修科目。做為一門時間之學，歷史學門的特性之一便是大量使用一手的文獻、原物件，以「有一分證據說一分話」的嚴謹態度來從事研究，研究成果主要由掌握的證據和了解證據意義完成。然而，面對以紙本、圖像、原件所積累的浩瀚史料，往往因散落各處，讓歷史學者需耗費大量的時間、精力來搜尋，而收集大量的史料，又佔用了相當大的實體空間，攜帶亦時有不便性，進而壓縮了研究品質。但數位典藏技術的出現，使得快速檢索與壓縮儲存空間得以實現，由於數位典藏將資料掃描建檔，研究者利用古籍善本、檔案、手稿等資料時，不再需要像過去一一拜訪典藏單位閱覽典藏。但在享受快速檢索瀏覽之便的同時，數位典藏資源正確性之特質應仍是最重要的優先條件。倘若有誤，研究本身可能因此造成錯誤，進而影響研究成果，甚至是學術生涯。現今關於臺灣歷史類數位典藏的探討，多半著重於其所帶來的方便性，而少觸及其內容的正確性與否。故本研究以臺灣史學者為對象，旨在探討臺灣史歷史學者對於對數位典藏資源的使用需求、反應與期望。除本研究者先行以若干資料庫案例提出問題外，並以質性研究方法為基礎，透過深度訪談與觀察進行歸納分析，以尋求對上述課題之解釋。
綜合研究資料，獲得下列面向之研究結論：一、歷史學者之特性；二、歷史學者對於數位典藏資源的需求；三、數位典藏的出現對歷史研究之影響；四、數位典藏資源仍多有缺失，並有改善之期待。
最後彙整學者之意見提出建議，主要包括：建置全文、增加關鍵字、搭配原物件圖片呈現、補強權威檔與後分類、提供瀏覽功能、避免過多意識型態詮釋、建立審查機制、制訂建置標準等，期望資料庫建置能更加貼近專業使用者需求。

關鍵字

歷史學 ； 數位典藏 ； 資料庫 ； 詮釋資料 ； 研究資源

並列摘要

Historical studies are not only one of the important humanities but also crucial to the cultural inheritance and the construction of collective knowledge of a country or region. Therefore history is always listed as the requirement in obligated education. As the knowledge of time, one of the features of historical studies is using abundant first-handed documents, original pieces, and to conduct the researches with a conscientious and careful attitude as well as evidence based. The research outcomes are accomplished with evidences in hands and the comprehension of the meanings of evidences. However, the vast historical materials from paperbacks, images, and original pieces are often scattered everywhere so that historians have to spend lots of time and efforts searching and collecting these historical materials which would take up a large substantial space and are inconvenient to take along therefore downgrades the quality of studies. Yet the appearance of digital archives has put speed retrieve and storage space compress in to practice. Digital archives scanned historical materials and established the database so researchers no longer required visiting each archives for reviewing the materials when attempting to use the ancient books, files, and manuscripts. Nonetheless, while enjoying the convenience of speed retrieve and browse of materials, the accuracy of digital archives should remain precedence. The studies may have flaws and come up with the false results which can further cause one’s academic career if there were error in the digital archives. The discussions on digital archives of history in Taiwan were mostly emphasized on the convenience it brought rather than the accuracy of its content. Therefore this study was taking historians in Taiwan as the target, attempted to identify their demands, reactions, and expectations on digital archives. The questions were proposed by the author after examining several cases of databases and this study has adopted qualitative research method. The explanation for questions raised above were tried to find through generalizing and analyzing the information collected from in-depth interviews and observations.
After generalizing the information collected, the aspects of conclusions were sorted as follows:
I. The features of historians.
II. The demands of historians on digital archives.
III. The impact of digital archives on historical studies.
IV. There are still errors in digital archives and expected to be improved.
Finally the opinions of scholars were summarized to propose suggestions which included, establish full text, add keywords, display with images of original pieces, enhance authority files and post-categorizing, provide browse function, avoid interpreting with too much ideology, establish examining mechanism, setup the establishing standards and expect the establishment of database to meet more demands of professional users.

並列關鍵字

Historical studies ； Digital archives ； Database ； Metadata ； Research resource

參考文獻

吳明德，黃文琪，陳世娟（2006）。人文學者使用中文古籍全文資料庫之研究。圖書資訊學刊，4(1/2)，1-15。

林珊如（2000）。建構支援臺灣研究的數位圖書館：使用者研究的啟示。圖書資訊學刊，14，33-48

林珊如（2002）。網路使用者特性與資訊行為研究趨勢之探討。圖書資訊學刊，17，35-47。

林菁、洪美齡、李秉蓉、彭雅雯（2007）。「臺灣老照片數位博物館」融入國小歷史教學的歷程與結果。教育實踐與研究，20：2，29-63。

林滿紅（2002）。當代臺灣的史學與社會。晚近史學與兩岸思維。台北：麥田。