華人教練-選手關係與溝通的量表建構及相關因素之研究

Development of Chinese Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire and Study on Correlated Factors

陳益祥(Yi-Hsiang Chen)

指導教授 ： 林清和 ； 劉有德

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(2010年)

摘要

本研究主要目的有四：（一）建構華人教練-選手關係及教練-選手溝通的內涵，編製具信效度的測量工具；（二）探討不同背景變項在教練-選手關係及教練-選手溝通的差異；（三）探討知覺教練-選手關係、教練-選手溝通與團隊滿足感和教練-選手關係滿足感的相關及預測情形；（四）以結構方程模式驗證本研究所提出的「華人教練-選手關係之互動模式」。研究方法先採用質性研究探索相關問題，訪談9位優秀的選手及9位資深的教練，以開放式問卷調查120位大學及80位高中運動選手，將所得資料加以分析，建立初步的概念，並以此結果編製專家評定問卷，請5位具運動心理學博士學位，且有多年擔任運動代表隊教練經驗的學者，進行專家審查。接著以利用質性研究結果，針對1023位高中及大學運動選手，經過二階段的探索性及驗證性因素分析，發展出「教練-選手關係量表」和「教練-選手溝通量表」，並經研究分析，得到以下之結論：
（一）教練-選手關係量表包含三個分量表：自發性感情、工具性關係、義務性人情；教練-選手溝通量表包含二個分量表：工作互動、人際互動，皆具有良好的內部一致性，經驗證性因素分析後因素的構念效度不錯，且具有良好的輻合效度、區辨效度、聚斂效度及複核效度。
（二）男子選手在自發性感情、工具性關係及工作互動、人際互動皆優於女子選手；大專選手在自發性感情及人際互動優於高中選手；無上場機會的選手在義務性人情優於有時先發的選手；先發選手在工作互動及人際互動上優於替補選手；國家級選手在人際互動優於縣市級選手；與教練建立關係6個月以下的選手在義務性人情優於與教練建立關係6-18個月的選手；每週練習6小時以下及每週練習7-12小時的選手在自發性感情上，優於每週練習19小時以上的選手；每週練習7-12小時的選手在工作互動與人際互動上，優於每週練習19小時以上的選手。
（三）團隊滿足感、關係滿足感與自發性感情、義務性人情、工具性關係、工作互動、人際互動皆呈正相關；自發性感情及義務性人情可以有效預測團隊滿足感；自發性感情、工具性關係、工作互動及人際互動皆能有效預測教練-選手關係滿足感。
（四）研究結果部分支持本研究所提「華人教練-選手關係之互動模式」。
根據研究結果與討論，本研究亦對於實際應用與未來進一步研究提出建議。

關鍵字

人際關係 ； 人際溝通 ； 工作互動 ； 人際互動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study were: (1) to explore the conceptualization of coach-athlete relationship and communication and to develop reliable measures of Chinese coach-athlete relationship and communication; (2) to examine the difference of coach-athlete relationship and coach-athlete communication on different coach’s and athlete’s demographics; (3) to explore the relationship of coach-athlete relationship, coach-athlete communication, team satisfaction and coach-athlete relationship satisfaction; (4) to examine the adequacy of the hypothesized model of Chinese coach-athlete interaction relationship by Structural equation modeling (SEM). In Qualitative research phase, 9 elite athletes and 9 coaches from various sports background were interviewed, as well as an open-ended questionnaire from 120 intercollegiate and 80 senior high school athletes. The results were revised by 5 experts who were Ph.D. and several years of coaching experience. The sample comprised 1023 intercollegiate and senior high school athletes. After EFA and CFA, the results of this study were following:
1. The latent structure of the Chinese Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire was underlined by the latent variables of spontaneous emotion, responsible courtesy, and instrument relationship. The latent structure of the Chinese Coach-Athlete Communication Questionnaire was underlined by the latent variables of task interaction, interpersonal interaction. And those two questionnaires were all showed good content, predictive, and construct validity, as well as internal consistency.
2. Male athletes had better on spontaneous emotion, instrument relationship, task interaction, and interpersonal interaction than female athletes. College athletes had better on spontaneous emotion, and interpersonal interaction than senior high school athletes. Bench players had better on responsible courtesy than main players sometimes. Main players had better on task interaction, and interpersonal interaction than bench players. National athletes had better on interpersonal interaction than county athletes. The athletes who practiced 12 hours per week under had better on spontaneous emotion, and task interaction than the athletes who practiced 19 hours per week above.
3. It were all showed positive relation on team satisfaction, coach-athlete relationship satisfaction, spontaneous emotion, responsible courtesy, instrument relationship, task interaction, and interpersonal interaction. Spontaneous emotion, responsible courtesy could effectively predict team satisfaction. Spontaneous emotion, instrument relationship, task interaction, and interpersonal interaction could effectively predict coach-athlete relationship satisfaction.
4. The results partially supported the hypothesized model of Chinese Coach-Athlete Interaction Relationship.
According to the results and discussion, the practical application and future research suggestions were provided.

並列關鍵字

interpersonal relationship ； interpersonal communication ； task interaction ； interpersonal interaction

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