環境知覺和自我效能因素與青少年身體活動之關係—社會生態學觀點之應用

Factors of Perceived Environment and Self-efficacy as Correlates of Physical Activity Among Adolescents: An Application of the Social Ecological Perspective

馮木蘭(Mu-lan Feng)

指導教授 ： 卓俊伶 ； 吳姿瑩

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(2010年)

摘要

本研究以社會生態學觀點為理論基礎，旨在探討環境因素對青少年身體活動行為的預測，以及個人因素在環境與個體身體活動行為之間所扮演的角色。本研究以臺北縣公、私立高中職全體學生為母群體，以分層叢集隨機抽樣方法選取樣本，有效問卷共1114份。所得資料以皮爾遜積差相關、t考驗、階層迴歸分析、及徑路分析進行統計分析。結果發現：（一）環境因素變項和自我效能變項均與身體活動行為有顯著的相關性；（二）在社會環境變項、物理環境變項及個人因素變項，均發現有性別差異存在；（三）環境因素經性別和自我效能變項調整後，社會支持、規範、和學校環境資源重要性對身體活動行為有顯著的預測力；（四）社會環境和物理環境對身體活動行為有直接或間接的影響力，社會環境和物理環境變項對青少年身體活動行為直接和間接影響有性別差異存在；（五）自我效能在環境因素與身體活動行為之間扮演重要的中介角色。本研究發現，社會環境和物理環境對青少年身體活動行為有重要的影響。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 身體活動行為 ； 物理環境 ； 社會環境 ； 自我效能 ； 社會生態學

並列摘要

This study, based on social ecological perspective, aimed to investigate the influence of environmental factors on physical activity behavior and the role personal factor play between environmental factors and individual’s physical activity. A survey with structured questionnaires was administered to 1114 students stratified cluster random sampling from senior high schools and vocational high schools located in northern Taiwan. Pearson’s correlations, t-tests, hierarchical regression analysis, and path analysis were used. The findings were as follows: (1) environmental factors and self-efficacy factor were significantly correlated with physical activity behavior; (2) gender differences were found in the social and physical environmental variables and personal factor; (3) when social factors were adjusted for sex and self-efficacy, social support, norms, and perceived importance of school environmental resources could be predictors of physical activity behavior; (4) social and physical environmental factors had direct or indirect influences on physical activity behavior. There were gender differences in social and physical environmental factors that had direct and indirect influences on physical activity behavior. (5) perceived self-efficacy worked as the mediator between environmental factors and physical activity behavior. Thus, social and physical environmental factors were important influence factors among physical activity behavior in adolescents.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； physical activity behavior ； physical environment ； social environment ； self-efficacy ； social environment social ecological perspective

參考文獻

王淑芳、顏效禹、李思招、何佩玲、張碧芳、呂昌明（2007）。國中學生運動行為之研究—跨理論模式之應用。學校衛生，50，23-38。

行政院體育委員會（2007）。中華民國運動統計。台北市：行政院體育委員會

行政院衛生署（2007）。衛生資料統計。臺北市：行政院衛生署。

伍連女（1999）。台北市高職學生身體意象與運動行為之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立台灣師範大學，台北市。

李彩華、方進隆（1998）。國中學生身體活動量與體適能相關因素研究。體育學報，25，139-148。