單手截取行動時間與空間的適應：直接知覺觀點

Temporal and spatial adaptations on one-handed interceptive action: Perspective of direct perception

彭國威(Wayne Gwo-wei Peng)

指導教授 ： 卓俊伶

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(2011年)

摘要

行動者必須精確地調整時間與空間的參數，以執行日常活動與運動表現的截取行動。直接知覺概念主張個體直接擷取身體尺度訊息引致行動，並與環境交互作用；行動的適應是協調與控制改變的過程，受有機體、環境與工作之限制。本研究旨在探討不同環境條件對單手截取行動之時間、空間參數與內在變項的影響，並檢驗行動尺度比率的界限與動作適應。30名成人以單手分別截取5種不同速度（2.1、3.2、4.6、5.4與6.0 公尺 / 秒）球體，並以平衡消去安排球速，每種球速試作10次。依變項蒐集9項運動學參數（截取行動的拇—中指最大開口距離、拇—中指開口最大速度、潛伏時間、傳送階段時間與位移、抓握階段時間與位移、接觸前最大速度、抓握最大速度）與3項速度相關行動尺度換算參數。經重複量數單因子變異數分析發現：（一）單手截取較快速度來球，手部最大開口距離增加，且手部最大開口距離的變異性較為穩定；（二）單手截取較快速度來球，動作速度變快，其相對潛伏時間與動作時間較短；（三）單手截取較快速度來球，調整向前位移距離，其傳送階段位移與抓握階段位移較短；與（四）單手截取較快速度來球行動尺度比率較大，且改變達特定閾值，行動尺度比率維持特定範圍。

關鍵字

單手截取行動 ； 直接知覺 ； 身體尺度訊息 ； 環境賦使 ； 適應

並列摘要

One has to precisely attune temporal and spatial parameters for interceptive actions in daily activities and sports performance. Direct perception concepts proposed individual’s action is led by directly picking up body-scaled information and interacts with environment. Adaptation of action is the process of changing coordination and control that was constrained by organism, environment, and task. This study investigated influence of environmental conditions on temporal parameters, spatial parameters, and intrinsic measures with one-handed interceptive action, and examined the boundary of action-scaled ratios and movement adaptation. Thirty adults were required to use one hand to intercept ball with 5 speeds (2.1, 3.2, 4.6, 5.4, and 6.0 m/s) respectively. Ten trials for each ball speed, which were arranged with counter-balancing. Nine kinematic parameters and 3 velocity related to action-scaled conducted parameters were collected as dependent variables. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures on ball speed found that intercepting faster ball with one-hand brought about: (1) increasing the maximal hand aperture with more stable variability, (2) modifying movement faster so that the relative latency time and movement time became shorter, (3) regulating forward distance so that the displacement of transportation and grasping phase became shorter, and (4) the action-scaled ratios was higher and it was changed to stay at specific boundaries after on the certain of threshold.

並列關鍵字

one-handed interceptive action ； direct perception ； body-scaled information ； affordances ； adaptation

參考文獻

彭國威、卓俊伶、楊梓楣 (2009)。伸手抓取動作之身體尺度比率界限。體育學報，42(3)，63-76。

彭國威、卓俊伶、楊梓楣 (2010)。抓取之手指數與身體尺度比率的年齡差異。體育學報，43(4)，9-24。

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