臺北市國中生近視防治知識、態度、行為及其相關因素研究

A Study of Myopia Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior and Related Factors among Junior High School Students in Taipei City

曾小玲

指導教授 ： 陳政友

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究以橫斷式調查研究法，探討台北市國中學生近視防治知識
、態度、行為及其相關因素。以立意取樣的方式，選擇五所一○○學年度第二學期就讀台北市公私立國中七至九年級學生為研究對象，共488名學生為樣本。利用自編結構式問卷進行資料收集，最後得有效問卷451份，有效回收率達92％。本研究的重要結果如下：
一、研究對象的近視防治知識平均答對率為六成九，屬中上程度；對使用電腦時，眼睛應與電腦螢幕保持適當之距離及高度近視罹患眼底病變機率較高的認知較差。研究對象的近視防治態度趨於正向；多數人對罹患近視不以為意，甚至認為恢復正常視力是輕而易舉的。研究對象的近視防治行為尚屬良好；但在看書或寫字、使用電腦、看電視30分鐘後，望遠休息10分鐘仍不易實施。
二、研究對象的背景變項中，與近視防治知識有關的是「學業成績」
、「近距離用眼時數」等二項；與近視防治態度有關的是「學業成績」、「年級」、「近距離用眼時數」等三項；與近視防治行為有關的是「性別」、「近視與否」、「學業成績」等三項。
三、研究對象的背景變項、近視防治知識、態度能有效預測其近視防治行為，並可解釋其總變異量之12.3％。研究顯示，在各預測變項互相控制之下，研究對象為男生者、無近視者、學業成績越優者、近視防治知識越正確者、近視防治態度越正向者，其近視防治行為越佳。
本研究依結論提出對未來教育行政單位之建議與改進方針，以提高研究對象對近視防治的實施。

關鍵字

國中生 ； 近視防治知識 ； 近視防治態度 ； 近視防治行為

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore myopia prevention knowledge, attitude, behavior, and related factors among junior high school students in Taipei City, by us-
ing a cross-sectional survey. Using the principles of purposeful sampling, we decided to set seventh, eighth and ninth graders from five junior high schools as the populati-
on in this research. These students were studied in the 2011-2012 school year during the 2’nd semester. There were 488 samples in this study. Using a self-designed structured questionnaire, 451 vaildated questionnaires were retrieved, 92% of all questionnaires. The key points are summarized as follows:
1. The average myopia prevention knowledge score was 69%, which is in the middle level ranged. Most of students did not know that the eyes should maintain a proper distance from the screen when using the computer, and those who suffer from high myopia have a higher probability of retinopathy. Students who achieved better test results were more likely to have developed a myopia prevention attitude. Most students did not mind suffering from myopia, and some even believed that it is easy to restore normal vision. Myopia prevention behavior scores among these students are fair; however, it still is not easy for students to implement simple myopia prevention techniques, such as 10 minutes of resting after 30 minutes of reading, writing, using computers, watching TV etc.
2. Background variables of the myopia prevention knowledge study were related to "academic achievement" and " time spent reading, writing, facing a screen, etc. ". The study about myopia prevention attitudes were related to "academic achievement" , " grades " and " time spent reading, writing, facing a screer, etc. "; and the study on myopia prevention behaviors were related to " gender ", " with or without myopia " and "academic achievement".
3. The background variables, myopia prevention knowledge, and attitudes found in the study can effectively predict the myopia prevention behavior among students, and explained 12.3% of the total variance. By controlling all variables that affected others, this study found that boys, without myopia, with a good knowledge of myopia prevention, and have a good attitude toword myopia prevention, have better myopia preven-tion behavior.
In order to improve the implementation of student myopia prevention, some recom-
mendations for future educational administrations and future research are provided.

並列關鍵字

junior high school students ； myopia prevention knowledge ； myopia prevention attitude ； myopia prevention behavior

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