花蓮市忠孝國小學童近視影響相關因素分析

The Study on Myopia and Related Factors of Jhong Siao Elementay School Students in Hualien City

王柏翔(Paul-Shine Wang) ； 林大豐(Dah-Feng Lin)

《運動休閒產業管理學術研討會論文集》 2期 (2008/04) Pp. 214-224

https://doi.org/10.29463/2008chanye.200804.0214

摘要

本研究旨在探究影響國小學童近視相關因素分佈之情形、以橫斷性調查研究法瞭解不同背景變項與其近視程度是否有顯著相關及差異存在，藉由相關因素綜合分析比較，將探究及解釋結果作為對預測國小學童近視防治工作面向上之參考。研究對象主要是選擇九十六學年度上學期實際在籍就讀於花蓮市某一所國民小學一至六年級全數學童並依最新各相關在籍資料分析研究，共計744人。以積差相關及多元逐步迴歸分析。重要研究結果歸納如下：
一、研究對象罹患近視的國小學童共有144人，其中男生占72人(19.5%)，女生占72人(19.1%)。本研究結果顯示男、女生學童患近視的比率相近。
二、一、二年級近視的比率(12.5%)最少僅有18位，而五、六年級所佔比率(72.3%)明顯偏高，近乎一年級所佔近視比率5至6倍之多。發現「年級愈高，罹患近視的人數愈多、近視程度也愈高」。
三、影響近視程度的變項因素有學業成績、身體質量指數。發現學業成績、身體質量指數與近視程度呈現顯著相關。
四、就多元逐步迴歸分析的結果來看，有四個變項能有效聯合預測學童近視程度。就各別解釋來看，以「本身近視」之預測力最強，其於依次為「學業成績」、「父母近視」、「年級」，這四個變項的聯合預測力數達80.0%。ß係數為正，表示四個變項對罹患近視的程度影響為正向，意即學童本身在罹患近視條件下，學業成績愈高、雙親二人同時為近視者的情況下、就讀年級愈高，則近視度數愈趨愈高。所以充實學生的近視預防知識，舒解課業壓力，養成近視預防的態度，建立近視預防行為，乃是近視防治的當務之急。

關鍵字

學童 ； 近視 ； 視力不良

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship among the related factors of myopia on Jhong Siao Elementay School Students in Hualien City, the factors associated with myopia, and the relationships of each others using the cross-sectional survey. According to the principles of theoretical sampling ,we decided to enroll the first academic term of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades students as the sample in this research who were from the elementary schools of Hualien City at the ninety-six academic year. There were 744 samples in this study. Various statistical methods, including frequency distribution, K. Pearson product-moment correlation, and logistic regression analysis.
The major findings of this study were as follows:
1.The prevalence of myopia was about 19.5% for boys and 19.1% for girls. Study results revealed that about 144 students were current true myopia. The myopia rate of male and female was similar.
2.Only 18 students with myopia were during Grades 1-2, but most students with myopia were during Grades 5-6. According to the data in the prevalence of myopia, it revealed that the higher grade students studied in, the more amount of myopia increased obviously. The prevalence of myopia rate is directly proportional to the students' grade level.
3.The factors influencing the degree of myopia were score and BMI, which also presented significant relation with the degree of myopia.
4.The significant predictors include: self-myopia, score, parents with myopia, and grade.
Which explained 80.0% of the variance of the degree of myopia. However, the score was the one of the strongest predictors.

並列關鍵字

students ； myopia ； vision defect