德布西藝術歌曲《抒情散文》樂曲分析與詮釋

The Analysis and Interpretation of Proses lyriques by Claude Debussy

楊珈昕(Yang chia hsin)

指導教授 ： 林淑真 ； 蔡世豪

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/表演藝術研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

於十九世紀末，克勞德‧德布西(Claude Debussy, 1862-1918)為法國印象樂派重要的作曲家代表，以「振興法國音樂」為己任，尤其在經歷世界大戰後的晚期作品中，都會標上「法國音樂家德布西」。德布西不僅受到當時繪畫上的印象主義與文學上的象徵主義影響，在1889年的萬國博覽會時，接受東方音樂元素的激發，並脫離當時席捲歐洲的華格納風格，以新的語法開拓了二十世紀音樂的新領域，使法國音樂發展更為蓬勃，成為承先啟後的重要作曲家。
從德布西的藝術歌曲作品，更容易看見其深受繪畫與文學上的影響，在音樂方面不僅有豐富的音響色彩，更是處處帶有象徵性的詩意，尤其在此套歌曲《抒情散文》為德布西眾多藝術歌曲中，唯一使用自己寫作的詩詞創作，整曲共包含四首〈夢〉、〈岸〉、〈花〉、〈黃昏〉，也因此德布西不論在詩詞的意境和語韻上，或是音樂的搭配上，都使其得以自由發揮創作。
筆者將探究法國十九世紀末的文藝背景「印象主義」與「象徵主義」對德布西創作的影響，以及了解德布西生平、重要作品與創作語彙等；並藉由曲式結構、音高素材的分析來探討詮釋的表現與鋼琴合作的部分，並融合自身與歌者的合作經驗與彈奏心得，表達筆者對歌曲的理解與演奏方式，最後結論出德布西創作之藝術歌曲《抒情散文》在歷史上的獨特與重要性。

關鍵字

德布西 ； 藝術歌曲 ； 抒情散文 ； 象徵

並列摘要

In the late 1890's, Claude Debussy was an important composer in the period of impressionism. He dedicated his whole life to revitalize French music especially during post-World War I, therefore his efforts had earned himself the name of "French Musician, Debussy." Debussy's inspiration not only just came from the painting Impressionism and literature in Symbolism, but the elements of Eastern music also played an important role as well. These helped him to think out of the frame of "Wagnerism" that used to sweep through all Europe. Later on he developed newly musical language, which opened up a new era for the 20th century music. French music then raised from this development, and Debussy became the composer of no comparison of his time.
From Debussy's melodies, it was not hard to find his deeply rooted influences from painting and literature. The existence of color of music and poetic symbols can be seen throughout the piece, particularly “Proses lyriques”, which consists of his only self-composed poem, and includs “De rêve”, “De grève”, “De fleurs”, and “De soir”. It was this type of poetic rhythm and musical composition that allowed Debussy to compose his music freely.
In this study, I will research the influence on Debussy from two major late 19th century Renaissance “Impressionism” and “Symbolism” to explore Debussy's musical development and compositions. From the analysis of his composition structures and pitch class to further discuss the relationship between piano and singer, I will next combine my own experience in performing with vocalists to show my own understanding and performance style of the music, then conclude the uniqueness and importance of Debussy's melody “Proses lyriques” in history.

並列關鍵字

Debussy ； melodies ； Proses lyriques ； Symbolism

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