「生命的彩虹」高中生死取向生命教育課程介入之研究

Rainbow of Life A Study on the Intervention Curriculum of Life-and-Death-Approach Life Education in Senior High Phase

劉欣懿(Shin-Yi Liu)

指導教授 ： 吳庶深

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/衛生教育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究發展設計一套以「生命的彩虹」為題的高中生死取向生命教育課程，目的在於瞭解生死取向生命教育課程的教學成效與學生學習過程。

本研究採「準實驗設計」，以台北市某高中二年級學生為研究對象，選取6班參與研究，隨機分派2班為實驗組（87人）、2班為校內對照組（84人）、2班為校外對照組（90人），共261人。實驗組參加為期4週共4單元的教學介入課程，對照組在實驗期間未接受課程教學，兩組於教學介入前一週與教學介入後一週進行前後測。

資料蒐集以質性與量性並重，量性資料以兩個獨立樣本的平均值差之t檢定，以a＜0.05考驗教學介入對於「生命意義感」、「老人態度」與「死亡態度」的影響。主要有下列三方面的發現：
一、 課程介入後實驗組與對照組學生在生命意義感的得分變化，達到顯著差異（p＜0.05）。
二、 課程介入後實驗組與對照組學生在老人態度的得分變化，達到顯著差異（p＜0.01）。
三、 課程介入後實驗組與對照組學生在死亡態度-中性接受的得分變化，達到顯著差異（p＜0.05）。

質性資料是根據綜合評鑑表兩題開放性問題進行內容分析，瞭解學生對於課程整體設計的建議及收穫。主要有下列兩方面的發現：
一、 學生對於本課程採用生活化的主題與多元的教學方法給予正向的肯定。
二、 學生對於「面對死亡」、「省思生命」與「抉擇生死」等三方面有深刻的體會，並在「認識死亡」、「覺察死亡」、「認識生命」、「體會生命」、「認識安寧」、「思考生死」與「其他」等七方面有所收穫。

研究者針對研究結果加以討論，並提出建議以作為未來研究與實務應用上之參考。

關鍵字

生命教育 ； 死亡教育 ； 生死取向生命教育 ； 高中生 ； 生命意義感 ； 老人態度 ； 死亡態度

並列摘要

The purpose of this research aims at designing a life education curriculum in line with life and death approach in the senior high phase with the topic of “Rainbow of life”, in the hope to examine the efficiency of such life education curriculum as well as pupil’s learning process.

The study was constructed on a “quasi-experimental design”, which focused on 6 classes of students on year two in one senior high school in Taipei as research samples. These 6 classes, with 261 persons in total, were then randomly distributed to “experiment group” with 2 classes of 87 persons, “control group inside school” with 2 classes of 84 persons and “control group outside school ” too with 2 classes of 90 persons. People in the experiment groups attended intervention curriculum composed of 4 units for 4 weeks, while those in control groups did not receive any curriculum during the period of experimentation. A pre-test was taken a week before the curriculum intervention was conducted, and a post-test was proceeded a week after the intervention.

Data collection was based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the aspect of quantitative data, it was proceeded by the t test to the mean deviation of 2 independent sample clusters, to investigate the influence of intervention curriculum on “ purposes of life” and “attitudes towards the elderly” by a＜0.05. Main findings from the analysis of qualitative data are the followings:
1. The changes of scores towards the item “ purposes of life” between the pupils in both experiment groups and control groups after the experiment have reached significant differences (p＜0.05).
2. The changes of scores towards the item “ attitudes towards the elderly” between the pupils in both experiment groups and control groups after the experiment have reached significant differences (p＜0.01).
3. The changes of scores towards the item “ death attitude-neutral acceptance” between the pupils in both experiment groups and control groups after the experiment have reached significant differences (p＜0.05).

Concerning the qualitative data, the content analysis was made according to the evaluation sheet with 2 open-ended questions, in order to understand the pupils’ suggestions and their achievements earned from the design of whole curriculum. There are 2 main findings:
1. Pupils gave positive recognitions on the topics with the feedback of its being applicable to daily life, as well as the diverse teaching methods that teacher delivered.
2. Pupils achieved profound appreciation towards the items of “facing death”, “examining and introspecting life” and “choosing life and death”, and reflected significant acquirements in the aspects of “understanding death”, “realizing death”, “understanding life”, “appreciating life”, “understanding hospice care”, “thinking life and death”, and “others”.

The researcher has conducted further discussions towards the research results presented above and proposed several suggestions as a reference for future research and empirical application.

並列關鍵字

Life education ； Death education ； life-and-death approach life education ； senior high school students ； purpose in life ； attitudes towards the elderly ； attitudes towards death

參考文獻

吳庶深、劉欣懿（2002）。高中生死取向生命教育課程設計之探討。安寧療護雜誌，4期，283-300。

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生命教育課程編研小組（1998）。生死尊嚴。台北：財團法人台北市得榮社會福利基金會。