機械領域技術背景高創造力者之技術能力心智運作歷程研究

The Research on the Mental Process of the People with High Creation in the Skillful Background of Mechanical Field

陳世程(SHYH-CHERNG CHERN)

指導教授 ： 吳明雄

國立臺灣師範大學/科技學院/工業教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討具有機械技術領域背景之高創造力者，其技術能力創造歷程、技術能力問題解決歷程及技術能力資訊處理歷程，並統整形成技術能力心智運作歷程。
本研究採質的研究方式進行，由APIPA(中華民國專利公報)中遴選出五位在機械類專利案件10件以上者為研究對象，對其進行深度訪談。透過專利案件資料、訪談人資料、訪談逐字稿，進行分析、歸納，探討其創新發明的心智運作歷程，其重要發現及結論如下：
一、 高創造力者之技術能力創造歷程
興趣是踏入發明領域的一把鑰匙，賺錢和工作壓力則是發明的動力；進行產品發明創新的主要動機是改良現有成品的缺點、迴避專利及環保概念；主要的思考模式為巧思、觀察入微、吹毛求疵、講究細節、樂觀的思考；擷取點子最主要的方式為接收視覺感觀及外界的刺激，資料蒐集和實作模擬也是點子的來源之一。
二、 高創造力者之技術能力問題解決歷程
研究中發現，高技術創造力者能善用習知的知識和技術，有系統的應用及轉換來解決問題，其中與人討論、累積經驗都是突破技術瓶頸常用的方式；而突破構想最常用的方式則是實做與模擬、捨去法和倒帶式的思考方式。
三、 高創造力者之技術能力資訊處理歷程
豐富知能、觀摩別人作品、閱讀及蒐集相關文件、過去的經驗、與人研討都是訊息輸入的來源，將訊息經過組織、連結、取代、交互作用形成模組儲存，在創新的過程中取用模組來定義問題、瞭解問題、歸納統整形成設計概念，最後透過實驗、解決問題來得到驗證。
四、 高創造力者之技術能力心智運作模式
高創造力者之心智運作模式，結合了創造歷程和問題解決歷程，由產生動機到發明創新的成品出現，涵括了準備階段、孕育階段、頓悟階段和實做階段一連串心智運作的過程。

關鍵字

機械領域 ； 技術背景 ； 高創造力 ； 技術能力 ； 心智運作歷程

並列摘要

This study explores the following technical ability aspects of the people with mechanical engineering background and high creation ability: creation processes, problem-solving processes, information processing processes, and mental operation processes.
This study is approached by the qualitative analysis. The in-depth interviews involve five people as subjects from APIPA cases whose patents in mechanical engineering field have exceeded ten items. The mental operation process of innovation is researched through analyzing and inducting the patent information, interviewee's information, and the interview record word-by-word. The important findings and results are shown as follows:
1. Creation processes of the people with high technical creation ability.
Interest is the key to step-into invention; however, profit and working pressure are the driving power of invention. The main motivations for innovating products are to make improvements on the existing products, avoid patent and to protect the environment. The main models of thinking include innovative ideas, careful observation, perfectionism, detail-emphasis and positive thinking. The main ways to generate ideas are sensory reception and outside stimulation. Information gathering and practicing with simulation are also the sources of new ideas.
2. Problem-solving processes of the people with high technical creation ability.
The study finds that the people with high technical creation ability make good usage of learned knowledge and skill, which they apply and convert systematically to solve problems. The ways which are frequently adopted to break bottle-neck are discussion and experience accumulation. Still, the methods which are frequently used to break rooted thought are practicing and simulation, deduction and rethinking.
3. Information processing processes of the people with high technical creation ability:
Enhancing one's knowledge, appreciating other's work, reading, related materials gathering, past experience, and discussion are the sources of message input. People with high creation ability save messages and form them into models through organization, linking, substitution and interaction. During the process of innovation, they define and identify problems with such models, and then integrate them to form design concepts. They verify the concepts through experiments and problem solving.
4. Mental operation processes of the people with high technical creation ability:
The mind-working mode of the people with high creation ability combines creation processes and problem-solving processes. From generation of motivation to the completion of product innovation, it involves the mental operation process covering a series of stages: preparation, development, insight, and practicing.

並列關鍵字

mechanical field ； skillful background ； high creation ； technical ability ； mental process