臺灣產芽枝黴屬分離、培養與觀察之研究

Isolation,cultivation and observation of the genus Blastocladia in Taiwan

黃滿貞(Man-Chen Huang)

指導教授 ： 簡秋源

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

芽枝黴屬(Blastocladia)為壺菌群(Chytridiomycota)之一成員。一般在半停滯或緩流水域中的小樹枝與果實上營腐生，於皮孔上形成半球狀的波狀菌突(crisp hemispherical pustule)。菌體無隔板及假隔板，以假根附著在基質上，細胞壁成分為聚糖-幾丁質。游孢子囊具有單一釋放乳突，游孢子具後生單一鞭毛，並有核冠。本實驗選取蘋果、李子及蕃茄等餌物放置於臺北市、台南市、高雄縣及高雄市共八處水池，經過5至14天後取回實驗室，以1/2GY5培養基做分離、純培養，並以GY5培養基之菌體形態為鑑定依據。實驗結果共獲五菌種如下：
布寧芽枝黴 (Blastocladia pringsheimii Reinsch)
多枝芽枝黴 (Blastocladia ramosa Thaxter)
球狀芽枝黴 (Blastocladia globosa Kanouse)
斯帕羅芽枝黴 (Blastocladia sparrowii Indoh)
厚芽枝黴 (Blastocladia incrassata Indoh)
其中球狀芽枝黴(Blastocladia globosa)為世界新純化種，多枝芽枝黴(Blastocladia ramosa)為臺灣新記錄種及新純化種。

關鍵字

芽枝黴 ； 布寧芽枝黴 ； 多枝芽枝黴 ； 球狀芽枝黴 ； 斯帕羅芽枝黴 ； 厚芽枝黴

並列摘要

The genus Blastocladia is a member of the Chytridiomycota. These organisms are predomintly saprophytes on decaying twigs and fruits in semi-stagnant or slowly flowing fresh water on which they form crisp hemispherical pustules. Thallus is tree-like, without true septum, attached by rhizoids to substrata. Cell-wall is non-celluose. No pseudosepta are formed, and sporangia with a exit dehiscence papilla. Zoospores uniciliate posterially, have a nuclear cap. It was successfully cultivated and examined, and identified five species of the genus Blastocladia from Taiwan. They are namely: Bastocladial pringsheimii Reinsch、Bl. ramosa Taxter、Bl. globosa Kanouse、Bl. sparrowii (Sparrow) Indoh and Bl. incrassta Indoh. Bl. globosa is a new axenic culture strains to the taxon (fungal flora). Bl. ramosa is described as a new record and new axenic culture to Taiwain.

並列關鍵字

Blastocladia ； Blastocladia pringsheimii Reinsch ； Blastocladia ramosa Thaxter ； Blastocladia globosa Kanouse ； Blastocladia sparrowii Indoh ； Blastocladia incrassata Indoh

參考文獻

Bessey, E. A.. 1939. Isoplanogametes in Blastocladia. Mycologia

Blackwell, E., 1937. Germination of the resistant spores of Blastocladia pringsheimii. Nature 140: 933.

Blackwell, E.. 1939. The problem of gamete production in Blastocladia. Mycologia 31: 627-628.

Blackwell, E.. 1940. A life cycle of Blastocladia pringsheimii Reinsch. Transaction British Mycological Society 24: 68-86.

Cantino, E. C.. 1948. The vitamin nutrition of an isolate of Blastocladia pringsheimii. American Journal of Botany 35: 238-242.