本研究以台灣的政治、經濟與社會概況為基礎,旨在探討清代台灣啟蒙教育的變遷與發展,本研究主要目的有三: 一、探討清代台灣啟蒙教育機構的起源。 二、探討清代台灣啟蒙教育機構的發展與變遷。 三、探討啟蒙教育發展對台灣文教的影響。 本研究以歷史研究法為主,分別自官方記載、各地方志、民間資料、書籍論文等方面取得資料,儘量使用直接史料,分析時顧及外部考證與內部考證兩項原則。 本研究獲致的結論如下: 一、 社學始於元朝,義學最早始於宋朝,私塾最早可追溯至漢代。元、明、清三朝之社學皆屬官辦,並無私人倡設之例;義學亦以官辦為主,但清代自咸豐以後有私人創設的義學出現,只是為數並不多。私塾則純為民辦。 二、有清一朝,台灣社學的總數至少有273餘所,義學至少為83餘所,私塾則約有1127餘所。乾隆以前,台灣平民子弟的啟蒙教育機構以社學為主;嘉慶以後,私塾漸漸成為清代中、後期台灣子弟啟蒙教育的重鎮。義學的數量遠不及社學與私塾,分布不夠普及,影響層面較小。 三、 清代台灣三類啟蒙教育機構中,社學與義學均以官辦為主,私塾純為私人創設,大大彌補了儒學及書院的未及之處,使啟蒙教育擴展至鄉村中每個角落,其對清代台灣文教發展,影響力不可忽視。
The main purposes of the study are: 1. To understand the origin of the institutions of the elementary education in Ching Taiwan. 2. To inquire the development and changes of the institutions of elementary education in Ching Taiwan. 3. To discuss the contributions of the elementary education to the transmission of Taiwanese culture and education. Historical method was undertaken. First-hand and second-hand ones sources were used, such as official documents, private materials, and publications. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. Community schools (She-sheh), charity schools (I-sheh), and private schools were the three major patterns of the institutions of the elementary education in Ching Taiwan 2. She-sheh emerged from the Yuan dynasty, I-sheh from the Song dynasty, and private school from the Han dynasty. She-sheh and I-sheh were established and sponsored by the public, but private schools did not so. 3. In Ching Taiwan, the total numbers of She-sheh were about 273, I-sheh about 83, and private schools about 1127. She-sheh played the major role before Emperor Chang-Long, but private schools took its place after Emperor Chia-Ching. As to I-sheh had much less influence than the others. 4.Compared to the formal schools, county schools and academies, private schools played a significant role in the educational development in Ching Taiwan, which importance should not be ignored any more.