體適能護照介入對國中生運動狀況與體適能之影響

The influence of fitness passport intervention on exercise status and physical fitness of junior high students

高素貞

指導教授 ： 方進隆

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究的主要目的在瞭解十週「學生體適能護照」的介入對國中生運動行為、運動態度、運動認知以及身體組成、柔軟度、肌力、肌耐力、心肺功能的影響。研究對象選取台北市「參加」與「未參加」八十八學年度教育部學生體適能護照介入計畫國中各一校，每校一至二年級各抽取三班，共計有450人，平均年齡13.5歲。學生體適能護照介入是一項結合體育活動、學校行政與社會資源的體適能促進計畫。介入變項包括「學生體適能護照」、「文宣與媒體傳播」、「體適能的檢測與評估」、「體適能與運動參與獎章」、「社會支持」等體適能教育活動。未參加介入計畫的學生乃參加一般的體育教學與活動。在經過十週的學生體適能護照介入計畫後，透過問卷與體適能的前、後測來進行介入成效評估。以卡方（X2）與獨立樣本單因子共變數分析（One-Way ANCOVA）比較其介入前、後的運動行為、運動態度、運動認知以及體適能差異結果如下：
１． 體適能護照介入後，學生運動行為並無顯著改變（P＞.05）。
２． 體適能護照介入後，學生運動態度有顯著的正向提升（P<.05）。
３． 體適能護照介入後，學生運動認知有顯著的正向提升（P<.05）。
４． 在體適能方面，就女生BMI的改善情形而言，未經體適能護照介入組顯著優於介入組（P<.05），但其他部分則無顯著差異（P＞.05）。就男生而言，BMI的改善情形二組並無顯著差異（P＞.05）；一分鐘仰臥起坐與坐姿體前彎改善的部份，體適能護照介入組顯著優於未介入組（P<.05）；立定跳遠與1600公尺跑走成績改善的部份，未經體適能護照介入組顯著優於介入組（P<.05）。
整體而言，十週的體適能護照介入能顯著提升國中生的運動態度與運動認知，但對於國中生運動行為與體適能則較沒有顯著影響。
關鍵詞：體適能護照、運動狀況、體適能

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a ten-week "students' physical fitness passport" intervention on the exercise behavior, exercise attitude, exercise knowledge and the physical fitness of junior high school students. The physical fitness items include body mass index (BMI), flexibility (sit and reach), leg power (standing long jump), muscle endurance (one-minute sit up), cardiorespiratory endurance (800 or 1600 meter run and walk for female or male students). One school has participated in the physical fitness passport project in the academic year of 1999 and the other school hasn't. In each of the two schools, three classes were chosen among the seventh and eighth grades with students totaling 450 and averaging 13.5 years of age. The students of both schools still attend the regular physical education classes. The students' physical fitness passport intervention is a physical fitness enhancement project combining physical education with school administration and social resources. Intervention variables include physical fitness education activities, student' physical fitness passport, promotion by means of mass media, test and evaluation of physical fitness, participation medals of physical exercise, and social support. After the ten-week physical fitness passport intervention, the result was evaluated through questionnaires and the pretest and posttest of students' physical fitness testing. By using X2 and One-Way ANCOVA, the results and differences in the variables of two groups as follow:
(1) After the intervention, there is no change in students' exercise behavior（P>.05）.
(2) After the intervention, there is an significant enhancement in the exercise attitude of the students（P<.05）.
(3) After the intervention, there is an significant enhancement in the exercise knowledge of the students（P<.05）.
(4) The BMI of female students who haven't participated in the intervention is significantly from those who have (P<.05). However, there is no obvious difference in other items（P>.05）. There is no difference between the two groups of male students in BMI （P>.05）. The one-minute sit-ups and sit and reach of the intervention students are superior to those who haven't（P<.05）. However, the standing long jump and 1600m running of the un-intervention students are better than those who have（P<.05）.
The ten-week "students' physical fitness passport" intervention significantly enhances the exercise attitude and knowledge of junior high school students; however, there is no consistent effect on their exercise behavior and physical fitness.
Keywords: physical fitness passport, exercise status, physical fitness

參考文獻

方進隆、林正常、黃永任、林貴福、陳玉英、李再立、王秀華、洪偉欽。(民83)。台北市中學生生活和身心狀況與健康體能之比較研究報告書。國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所。

許義雄、徐元民、曾瑞成、程瑞服、蘇瑞陽。(民88)。中華民國體育白皮書。行政院體育委員會。

Anderssen, N. (1993). Perception of physical education classes among young adolescents: do physical education classes provide equal opportunities to all students? Health Education Research, 8 (2), 167-79.

Arbeit, M. L., Johnson, C. C., Mott, D. S., Harsha, D. W., Nicklas, T. A., Webber, L. S., and Berenson, G. S.(1992). The Heart Smart cardiovascular school health promotion : Behavior correlates of risk factor change. Preventive Medicine ,21 (1),18-32.

Birtwistle, G. E., and Brodie, D. A. (1991). Children’s attitudes towards activity and perceptions of physical education. Health Education Research ,6 (4),465-78.