兒童繪畫表現與大眾文化關係之探討：國小高年級學童自發性漫畫創作之多重個案研究

陳美秀

指導教授 ： 陳瓊花

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/美術學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解大眾文化如何影響兒童的繪畫表現，並探討高年級個案學童自發性漫畫創作之表現動機、學習歷程、作品之形式與內容表現等四個繪畫創作層面與大眾文化的關係。本研究之對象為台北市某地區某國小的高年級學童，男女各兩位，並擅長自發性漫畫創作。本研究採用多重個案研究的方式，利用參與觀察與訪談做文件資料的蒐集，再將文件資料進行內容分析，最後做跨個案的分析比較，期能發現深受大眾文化影響的兒童繪畫表現之特質。
本研究所獲致的重要結論如下：
一、由於大眾文化的視覺刺激，引發了兒童創作的動機，亦提供了最佳的學習參考。大眾文化是同儕間的次文化，個案們創作漫畫作品，並提供同儕們分享與欣賞，是一種社會化歷程的表現，而個案們在創作漫畫的同時，可滿足一種自我想像的樂趣。
二、個案們從大眾文化擷取視覺表達資源，並從大眾文化圖像的描摹入手，過程包含漫畫圖像的借用、模仿、簡化與改造，與漫畫敘述語法的拷貝、簡化、修飾、記憶與轉換，並能自求解決描繪問題與困難，經過長期的練習與學習的持續，而後達成圖像表達的精練與漫畫敘述語法的精熟。
三、個案們承襲大眾文化圖像的表達系統，模仿流行的漫畫敘述語法，在漫畫符號系統的選擇與線條造型特徵表現有兩性分化的傾向。
四、個案們沿用市面上所常見的少男、少女漫畫的表現內容題材，反映以漫畫為主的大眾文化制式化的兩性題材取向。在內容表現上接收大眾文化關心的議題，在人物角色的塑造上反映英雄主義、傳統性別主義觀念，表現對異性的期待、同儕認同與同性對立關係。
根據上述研究之發現，研究者提出對兒童繪畫教學與實施九年一貫美術教學課程的建議：（1）培育兒童解讀媒體影像，（2）營造繪畫模仿的適切環境，（3）協助兒童澄清大眾通俗文化的意涵，以培養適當的價值觀，（4）把大眾文化藝術融入美術課程，（5）多元評量兒童的繪畫表現。
關鍵詞：兒童繪畫發展、漫畫、大眾文化。

關鍵字

漫畫 ； 大眾文化 ； 兒童繪畫發展

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the children's drawings within influence of popular culture. It also explores the relationship of drawing motivation, process, form and content of spontaneous comic strip artworks and popular culture in senior students of primary school. Subjects used in this study consist of two boys and two girls of senior students of primary school in the Taipei region. All of them are good at spontaneous comic strip creation. Participation-observation and interview are used for data gathering. These collected data are then analyzed and compared. Finally, we expect to obtain the representation characteristics of children drawings by influence of popular culture.
The important conclusions are as follows:
1. Due to the visual stimulation of popular culture, it motivates children's drawing and provides the best learning reference. Popular culture is a kind of sub-culture among classmates. Subjects offering and sharing comic strip artworks with classmates is a prenence of socializing process. Meanwhile, subjects enjoy the pleasure of self-satisfaction from the imaginary drawing.
2. Retrieving visual expression resources from mass culture, subjects imitate images initially. The processes include borrowing, facsimiling, simplifing and reforming of comic strip images and coping, abbreviating, modifying, memorizing and transforming of comic strip narrative syntax. Moreover, subjects can pursue the method of solving drawing difficulties by themselves. After proceeding practice and continuous learning, refinement of image expression and skill of comic strip narrative syntax are achieved finally.
3. Inheriting expressive system of images of popular culture, subjects imitate prevalent comic strip narrative syntax. Therefore, the selection of comic strip symbolic system and description of line modeling feature have the inclination of bi-sexualizing.
4. Following narrative materials of comic strip for young people in marketing, subjects reflect the uniform material orientation of bi-sexual relationship. Furthermore, in content representation, subjects accept the concerned topics of popular culture, and in characters modeling, the concepts of heroism and traditional sexism are presented. In addition, it also shows the expectation to the other sex, classmate identity and the hostile relationship to the same sex.
According to the above, the suggestions for instructional method in children's drawings and fine arts curriculums of nine-year-series are proposed as follows.
1. Educate children to interpret media images.
2. Give an appropriate environment of drawings and imitation.
3. Help children to recognize the essence of popular culture for suitable value.
4. Include mass culture and popular art in the art curriculum.
5. Evaluate diversely in children's drawing ability.
Keyword: children's drawing development, comic strip, popular culture

參考文獻

蘇蘅 (1994) ：青少年閱讀漫畫動機與行為之研究。新聞學研究，48，123-145。

古采豔 (1997) ：What’s so Funny about The Comics ? ─淺談漫畫媒體表現形式的圖像魅力(上)。幼獅文藝，84卷(1)，87-91。

古采豔 (1997) ：What’s so Funny about The Comics ? ─淺談漫畫媒體表現形式的圖像魅力(下)。幼獅文藝，84(2)，86-90。

郭禎祥 (1999) ：二十一世紀藝術教育的展望，美育，106，2-9。

Abbott, L. L. (1986) Comic art: characteristics and potential of a narrative medium. Journal of popular culture, 19(4), 155-176.