啟明學校高中職視覺障礙學生性別角色發展研究

The development of gender roles in visually impaired senior high school students of Taipei and Taichung special school in Taiwan

車薇(Che Wei)

指導教授 ： 鍾志從 ； 何慧敏

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究目的為了解啟明學校高中職視覺障礙學生之性別角色發展現況及其影響因素，選擇兩所特殊學校高中職視障生共104位為對象，用問卷調查法，設計青少年性別角色發展量表以為研究工具，調查不同背景，不同父母期望與不同同儕關係之視障生，對其性別角色發展之影響與差異為何，並採用因素分析、人數百分比與卡方檢定等方法處理資料，經過分析與討論，結果與建議如下：
兩所特殊學校視覺障礙學生的性別角色發展以未分化所佔比例最高，其次為兩性化、女性化及男性化。男性視覺障礙學生的男性化特質比女性強，且受城鄉因素-台北大於台中之影響外，同時也因父母性別角色期望為不堅持男女有別的教養影響，使男性化特質為顯著，而與一般青少年之發展趨向兩性化有所不同；台北啟明學校之高中職視覺障礙學生比台中啟明視障高中職視覺障礙學生有較多男性化特質之趨勢，故應重視其兩性化特質之教學。兩校視障生女性化特質發展受年齡與通勤之因素影響；高一比高二高、高三女性化特質發展為顯著，然此因素對兩性化發展為有不利之影響，應加強高一學生男性化特質之發展。兩校視障生兩性化特質發展受偶像同儕高認同之因素所影響，其中弱視生又比全盲生之兩性化發展更趨於成熟，學校應重視偶像對青少年的影響力。兩校視障生未分化特質發展受同班同儕認同影響，同班朋友對高中職視障生的性別特質趨向成熟顯得很重要。符合一般青少年性別角色發展之理論-父母對青少年發展之影響力由小學、中學為最高，到高中便逐漸減少，漸被同儕之社會壓力影響所取代；應輔導學生交友之方法。
兩所特殊學校視障生性別角色發展不受高低社經地位與不同家庭結構所影響，此與一般學生之性別角色發展有所不同。
關鍵字:視覺障礙，性別角色，兩性化，男性化，女性化，未分化

關鍵字

視覺障礙 ； 性別角色 ； 兩性化 ； 男性化 ； 女性化 ； 未分化

並列摘要

This study using the methods of questionnaire survey , adopted 104 visually impaired adolescents from 2 special schools to fill up “The Inventory of the Development of Gender Roles in Adolescents”, which was developed by the researcher. The data gathered therein were processed and analyzed with Factor analysis, Frequencies and Chi-Square Tests in the soft-ware of spss/pc+.
The main findings are as follows:
Most of the visually impaired students in two schools are in the highest percentages of undifferenciated gender role development, and secondly androgynous, thirdly feminity and the fourth masculinity accordingly. Male senior high students in 2 visually impaired schools have tendency toward the development of masculine qualities, which were higher in Taipei district than in Taichung county area; also that were influenced by the expectation of the parents who did not insist in the attitude that males and females should be treated differently.
Feminine qualities of senior high students in 2 visually impaired schools were influenced by age of students as 1rd grades were conspicuous than 2rd and 3rd grades , and were also higher in the fewer commuting than that of lived more in the dorm.
Androgynous qualities were influenced by the senior high students who have strong idol identity in 2 visually impaired schools, and were also influenced by amblyopia than by blindness.
The percentage of undifferentiation is higher in the senior high students who have low school mate identity in 2 visually impaired schools.
Social status and different family structure are 2 factors which have no connection with development of gender roles of students in 2 visually impaired senior high schools. This result is different form that of normal high school students.
Key words: visually impaired, gender role，androgynous，masculinity，
feminity，undifferentiated

並列關鍵字

visually impaired ； gender role ； androgynous ； masculinity ； feminity ； undifferentiated

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