摘 要 本研究主要目的在比較不同運動型態中老年人的平衡能力、反應時間與下肢肌力。受試者為長期規律從事網球、太極拳與無規律運動的中老年,年齡介於60~69歲,每組各30人,共90人,分別進行閉眼單足站立、靜態伸展測驗、8呎起立-走測驗、修正之巴斯動態平衡測驗、反應時間與30秒坐椅站立測驗。將測驗所得資料以單因子變異數分析和獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析處理,研究結果如下: 1.太極拳組在各項測驗中成績是最優異。在靜態平衡能力,太極拳組顯著優於網球組、無規律運動組(p<.05),而網球組與無規律運動組未達顯著差異。 2.網球組與太極拳組的動態平衡能力和下肢肌力,均明顯優於無規律運動組(p<.05),而網球組與太極拳組間並未有顯著差異存在。 3.網球組、太極拳組與無規律運動組的反應時間,三組間未達顯著差異。 4.規律運動組在靜態平衡能力、動態平衡能力與下肢肌力均顯著優於無規律運動組(p<.05)。但在反應時間,二組間的反應時間無顯著差異。 在平衡能力與下肢肌力方面,太極拳組優於網球組,網球組優於無規律運動組;規律運動組優於無規律運動組。在反應時間方面,太極拳組、網球組與無規律運動組,三組間沒有顯著差異;規律運動組與無規律運動組,二組間沒有顯著差異。
Abstact The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of balance, reaction time and lower-extremity strength in middle-aged and elderly men engaged in different exercises. Totally 90 volunteers, aged from 60 to 69 years old, included regular Tai-Chi Chuan, tennis players, and sedentary controls, were asked to perform the following tests. These tests included one-leg stance test with eye-closed, functional reach test, 8-foot up and go test, modified Bass dynamic balance test, reaction time, and 30-second chair stand test. All the data were collected and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and t-test. The results were shown as followed: 1.The subjects of Tai-chi Chuan group had the best performances of all the test items. The static balance of Tai-Chi Chuan group was significantly better than those of the other two groups(p<.05). There were no significant differences between tennis and sedentary controls groups. 2.The dynamic balance and lower-extremity strength of tennis and Tai-Chi Chuan groups were significantly better than those of sedentary controls group(p<.05).There were no significant differences between tennis and Tai-Chi Chuan groups 3.The reaction time of tennis, Tai-Chi Chuan, and sedentary controls groups was not significantly different from each other. 4.The static balance, dynamic balance, and lower-extremity strength of regular exerciser group were significantly better than those of sedentary controls(p<.05),but the reaction time of two groups was not significantly different from each other. On the balance and lower-extremity strength, the Tai-chi Chuan group was better than tennis group, and tennis group was better than sedentary control group; regular exerciser group was better than sedentary control group. On the reaction time, there were no significant differences among tennis, Tai-Chi Chuan, and sedentary control groups; there were no significant differences between regular exerciser and sedentary controls groups.