在泥沼中成長--離婚婦女的適應與學習

李奕萱

指導教授 ： 彭淑華 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/社會教育學系/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究將離婚婦女的適應歷程與轉化學習分成三個階段探討，分別為煎熬期、重建期、展翅期。
離婚婦女的生活適應歷程根據本研究發現煎熬期的離婚婦女在情緒心理適應歷程有兩種反應：
一、承受婚變所帶來的情緒打擊；
二、擺盪在離婚與否的邊緣。
在親子關係適應歷程有兩種反應：
一、孩子是離婚婦女情緒潰提下的受害者；
二、尚未準備好告訴孩子父母離婚的事實。
在社會人際適應歷程有三種反應：
一、家人提供實質的幫助但也帶來關愛的負擔；
二、朋友的友情相伴讓受訪者有所依賴；
三、對前夫懷著怨懟的情緒。
重建期的離婚婦女在情緒心理適應歷程有三種反應：
一、必須重新適應單身的身份；
二、沈澱一段時間思量如何表白自己的情境；
三、使用多種方式排解情緒。
在親子關係適應歷程有兩種反應：
一、照顧孩子時間不夠 多重角色扮演困難；
二、對孩子懷著愧疚與補償的心情，同時又有著高標準。
在社會人際適應歷程有三種反應：
一、與家人維持親密但有距離的關係；
二、重新整理人際圈中的親疏關係；
三、對前夫仍有一份情存在。
展翅期的離婚婦女在情緒心理適應歷程有兩種反應：
一、不後悔作下離婚的決定；
二、樂於享受目前的生活。
在親子關係適應歷程有兩種反應：
一、孩子是豐富生命的泉源；
二、對孩子據實已告父母離婚的關係。
在社會人際適應歷程有三種反應：
一、體會家人的關愛與家人的關係更緊密；
二、開拓新的人際圈；
三、與前夫維持平淡的關係。
離婚婦女的轉化學習歷程根據本研究發現煎熬期的離婚婦女：
一、在自我觀念方面，仍對離婚身份感到無奈與自卑；
二、在婚姻觀念方面，體認到婚姻生活中的現實面是一大考驗；
三、在親子關係方面，學習調整與孩子相處的態度；
其轉化學習的力量多藉助外在力量，學習類型屬於「經由意義基模學習」的學習型態。
從煎熬期過渡到重建期的離婚婦女：
一、在自我觀念方面，以漸進的方式學習與接受新的角色與觀念；
二、在婚姻觀念方面，以隨緣的態度面對新感情，追求沒有包袱的情感；
三、在親子關係方面，能與孩子之間彼此體諒；
其轉化學習的力量受到內在與外在力量的交互影響，學習類型屬於「創造新意義基模」的學習型態。
從重建期過渡到展翅期的離婚婦女：
一、在自我觀念方面，以豁達的態度邁向新的人生；
二、在婚姻觀念方面，開放心胸積極的面對新感情，也學會自我保護；三、在親子關係方面，努力培養孩子健康快樂的人格與生活方式；
其轉化學習的力量主要受到內在力量的影響，學習類型屬於「經由意義基模/觀點轉化學習」的學習型態。

關鍵字

離婚婦女 ； 生活適應 ； 轉化學習 ； 學習

並列摘要

In the research, we divided accommodative course and transformative learning of divorced women into three stages for discussion. They are suffering stage, reconstruction stage and resurgence stage.
For accommodative course of living of divorced women, we found that divorced women who on the suffering stage had two reactions in accommodative course of emotion psychology according to the research. First, take the buffet of divorce. Second, sway between divorce or not. There are two reactions in accommodative course of parent/child relationships. First, children were the victims of emotional crash of divorce women. Second, they were not ready to tell the children about the fact of divorce. There are three reactions in accommodative course of interpersonal relationships in society. First, the family provided substantial help, but they also brought the burden of concern. Second, the friendship of friends make the people, which be visited, to depend. Third, they were in the hateful mood for former husband. On the reconstruction stage, the divorced women had three reactions in accommodative course of emotion psychology. First, they must re-adapt to be a single. Second, think how to express their emotions after settling a while. Third, ease emotions with multi-way. There are two reactions in accommodative course of parent/child relationships. First, spend too less time to take care their children, and it is hard to play multiple roles. Second, they were in the ashamed and compensative mood for children, and they had high criterion in the same time. There are three reactions in accommodative course of interpersonal relationships in society. First, maintain a close but strange relationship. Second, re-adjust familiar/strange relations in interpersonal relationships. Third, they still felt for former husband. On the resurgence stage, the divorced women had two reactions in accommodative course of emotion psychology. First, they had no regrets for divorce decision. Second, enjoy the present living. There are two reactions in accommodative course of parent/child relationships. First, children were the source of plentiful life. Second, tell the truth about divorce to children. There are three reactions in accommodative course of interpersonal relationships in society. First, realize the concern of family and the relationship is closer. Second, develop new interpersonal relationships. Third, maintain a flat relation with former husband.
For transformative learning of divorced women, we found that divorced women who on the suffering stage had two points according to the research. First, in the concept of self, they still felt helpless and self-abased about divorced status. Second, in the concept of marriage, they realized that reality is a big trial. Third, in the concept of parent/child relationships, they learned to adjust the attitude to children. The force of transformative learning almost makes use of external forces, and the kind of learning is belong to “learning through meaning schemes” type. The divorce women who were from suffering stage to reconstruction stage: First, in the concept of self, gradually learn and accept the new roles and concepts. Second, in the concept of marriage, leave feeling in fate, and pursue a relationship without burden. Third, in the concept of parent/child relationships, they could considerate to each other with children. The force of transformative learning is influenced by internal and external forces, and the kind of learning is belong to “learning new meaning schemes” type. The divorce women who were from reconstruction stage to resurgence stage: First, in the concept of self, advance on new life with generous attitude. Second, in the concept of marriage, open mind and face new relationships with active attitude, but learn to protect self. Second, in the concept of parent/child relationships, strive to cultivate healthy and happy personality and the way of life of children. The force of transformative learning is influenced mainly by internal forces, and the kind of learning is belong to “learning through transformation of meaning schemes/ perspectives” type.

並列關鍵字

divorced women, ； ransformative learning,